310 Roosevelt Wild Life Bulletin 



and I saw it only four times, — near Red House July 3, on Quaker 

 Run July 18 and August 5, and near Limestone on July 27. 



The call of this hawk is a high whistled scream, slurring down- 

 ward, like " eeoh eeoh eeoh," often repeated many times, and dis- 

 tinctly different in quality from the Red-tail's call. 



The nest is placed in a tall tree, and is merely a large mass of 

 sticks. This hawk probably breeds in the Park but I have found 

 no nests there. (See p. 350, addendum, for Sharp-shinned Hawk). 



Pine Warbler. Dendroica vigor si (Aud.) 



This little bird is Ithe dullest of the yellow-colored warblers. It is 

 dull yellow beneath, olive above, with white wing bars that will dis-. 

 tinguish it from most other yellow and olive warblers. The male 

 and female are nearly alike. 



The Pine Warbler is rare in the Park, probably occurring only 

 where an accasional clump of large white pine still remains in the 

 deciduous fo'rest. I met with but a single bird, on August 7, in 

 just such a group of pines on the left of the road up Cain Hollow. 

 I had previously visited this place on July 11 without discovering it. 

 The bird was first located by its trill, unexpected at so late a date, 

 but perhaps the autumn period of song was already beginning. 



The song resembles those of the Chipping Sparrow and Junco and 

 comprises twelve to fifteen rapid notes, all equal in time, and not 

 especially musical. The pitch varies, the song moving slightly up 

 and down the scale in an irregular manner. This character dis- 

 tinguishes it from either the Chipping Sparrow or Junco. 



The nest is built in a pine tree and is constructed of bark, leaves 

 and fibres. It is often at a considerable height from the ground. 



BIRDS OF THE MARSHES 



Marshes are not common in the Park. Here and there in the 

 stream valleys are small areas that can be classed as such, but only 

 in the Tunungwant Valley are there any large enough to attract 

 marsh inhabiting birds other than the Red-winged Blackbird. Marsh 

 lands are of two distinct sorts, — grass marshes, and cat-tail marshes. 

 They occur along bayous that mark a former course of the stream. 



Grass marshes develop where the water is rather shallow, or 

 where the ground is wet but overflowed only part of the vear. The 

 characteristic plants comprise the various sedges {Car ex and 

 Cyperus) rushes (Juncus), cut-grass (Houialocenchrus), water 

 plantain (Alisma Plantago-aquatica) , arrow-head (Sagittaria lati- 

 folia), water hemlock (Cicuta m-aculata), blue flag (Iris versi- 

 color), marsh violet (viola cucuUata), cardinal-flower {Lobelia 

 cardinalis) and others. The cat-tail marshes (figure 88) occur 

 where the water is deeper, and consist mainly of the" cat-tail (Typha 

 latifolia). Beneath the cat-tails grow a few other water plants, "such 

 as yellow pond lily (Nuphar advena), water pepper (Polygonum 

 hydro pip eroides), water dock (Rumex Britannica) and spearwort 

 (Ranunculus laxicaidis) . 



