398 Roosevelt Wild Life Bulletin 



the subject by means of them. These limited, distinct features of 

 the forest are ten in number; and each one, differing in some defin- 

 able characteristic from the others, is taken up in order and described 

 ecologically. 



The general situation having thus been explained, attention is 

 turned to the contributions made by the various trees, bushes, and 

 vines of the region to the bird economy, with special reference to 

 the food supplied by them. This chapter is especially to be noted as 

 an attempt to make clear the wealth of subsistence furnished to birds 

 by this forest, and the way it is utilized. 



Following this part of the paper there is a general annotated list 

 of the birds of the Cranberry Lake district, most of which were 

 observed by the author during his stay at Barber Point. It is in- 

 tended to enable not only students but interested visitors to become 

 acquainted with the local bird fauna, by showing them where the 

 various kinds may be looked for, and what are their songs, mating 

 habits, and other peculiarities. Brief mention of the characteristic 

 marks by which the different species may be identified will aid 

 amateurs to recognize them. 



I desire to express my sincere appreciation of the kindness ex- 

 tended to me by Dr. Charles C. Adams and former Dean Hugh P. 

 Baker of the New York State College of Forestry, in their hearty 

 cooperation with my ideas and methods of observation. To the 

 Hon. R. M. Barnes, of Lacon, Illinois, special acknowledgment is 

 due for his liberality in giving the assistance that rendered these 

 studies possible. I wish to mention also my obligations to Prof. R. 

 P. Prichard, Director of the Forestry Summer Camp in 1916, for his 

 uniform courtesy in placing the camp facilities at my disposal, and 

 to Mr. W. E. Sanderson, in charge of the camp commissariat; also 

 to Dr. W. L. Bray, Dr. M. W. Blackman, Dr. L. H. Pennington, 

 Prof. H. B. Waha, and Mr. Arthur S. Rhoads, for their courtesies 

 in questions of identification of trees and plants and for other assist- 

 ance. All of these have united to make my experience with them a 

 season of profitable work and a pleasant memory. Finally I desire 

 to acknowledge the assistance of Mr. Ernest Ingersoll and Professor 

 Alvin G. Whitney in the final revising of the manuscript. 



The authority used for the scientific names of the birds men- 

 tioned in this paper is the "A. O. U. Check-List of North American 

 Birds," 1910, with revisions to date; and for the plants " Gray's 

 New Manual of Botany," 1908. The brief descriptions of bird 

 species in the annotated list are based chiefly on Hoffmann's " Guide 

 to the Birds of New England and Eastern New York," 1904. 



THE WESTERN ADIRONDACK FOREST ENVIRONMENT 



Cranberry Lake is situated in the southeastern corner of St. 

 Lawrence County, New York, among the western foothills of the 

 Adirondack Mountains. It may be reached at the neighboring 

 town of Wanakena by railway from Watertown, and also from the 

 east by the New York Central Railroad to Childwold, and thence 



