412 Roosevelt Wild Life Bulletin 



tall stumps and boles serviceable to many birds as perching and 

 nesting places. The characteristic tenants of this meadow division 

 were the Song Sparrow and Maryland Yellow-throat, they being 

 the only residents truly associated with the grass cover. In the 

 low shrubs and alders at the edges the Rusty Blackbird was spar- 

 ingly represented. Cedar Waxwings nested in the sapling clumps, 

 Chipping Sparrows utilized the shrubbery, and the House Wrens 

 used convenient cavities made by Woodpeckers and Nuthatches in 

 the dead stubs. No grass-inhabiting sparrows or upland meadow 

 birds were seen there, and no Sparrow Hawk or Marsh Hawk; but 

 other observers by keeping on the lookout may supply this unex- 

 pected deficiency in the list. It is interesting to note that this mea- 

 dow, small as it is as a special habitat, serves to distinguish the 

 perferences of the Red-winged Blackbird from those of the Rusty 

 Blackbird ; the former is found regularly on several floating bog 

 islands off the lakeshore in the neighborhood, but not in this mea- 

 dow, while the Rusty Blackbird is restricted to the meadow alone. 



6. The Bog, Open and Forested. Immediately east of the 

 Burn there is a remnant of forest constituting a bog. It was 

 lumbered at an early day, and there are still standing several 

 deformed specimens of the original conifers, The distinct char- 

 acter of this bog area, however, is indicated by the larch or tamarack 

 (figure 136), not now found elsewhere in the Barber Point 

 neighborhood except as an occasional sapling in some moist kettle- 

 hole or depression. A few veteran stems of this species tower from 

 the Bog, and there is a fair representation of saplings apparently 

 fifteen or twenty years old. This Bog is formed by the drainage 

 from one side of the Burn, and hence it sustains a typical sphagnum 

 growth, with which are associated immature conifers left partially 

 undisturbed by lumbering, and an occasional white pine (fig- 

 ure 137). There are the typical low shrubs, such as sheep laurel 

 (Kalmia angustifolia), viburnum, service berry (Amelanchier) , 

 leather leaf, mountain holly, blueberry, red maple seedlings, snow- 

 berry and dogwood; also the cinnamon fern and deer-hair sedge. 

 Interspersed throughout the Bog are young white pines, balsam firs, 

 red and black spruces, and tamaracks, with remnants of the former 

 hardwoods. Sphagnum moss grows in a thick mass over the ground, 

 covering holes between projecting roots and alongside boulders, 

 covering fallen logs, and thriving above the sub-surface water holes. 

 This Bog makes an abrupt transition from the Burn, constituting 

 a minor habitat essentially different from any yet described, both in 

 its bog characteristics and in its prevailing coniferous complexion. 

 Also, a part of it is really open, supporting only low shrubs and 

 young second growth; and it is fringed by a strip of virgin forest, 

 to which it presents an abrupt contrast. In fact, the Bog lies be- 

 tween the Burn and Virgin Forest in such a way that there are 

 presented three distinct minor habitats of interesting character, 

 affording a good opportunity for direct comparison (figure 138). 



Among the nesting birds of the Bog are the Veery, Brown 

 Creeper, the Canada, Black-throated Green, Black-poll, Myrtle and 



