41 6 - Roosevelt Wild Life Bulletin 



lakeshore and affords good nesting places in some of the dead stubs 

 and in the low thickets, and bears a profusion of fruit. 



9. The Open Hardwood Forest. Besides the Lumbered Clear- 

 ing across Sucker Brook, south of the Camp an area of dry open 

 woods constitutes a habitat somewhat different from any yet de- 

 scribed. Originally a part of the general forest, it was lumbered 

 for conifers in an early day without greatly affecting the remainder 

 of its tree life. Large shrubs or bushes are lacking, there is no 

 tangle of ground cover and slash, and the ground is chiefly exposed, 

 or covered with a layer of dead leaves. The floor plants consist of 

 witch hobble, cinnamon fern and seedlings of the deciduous trees, 

 maples largely predominating. These woods are not nearly so dark 

 as was the original forest, since frequent openings were made by 

 removing the conifers ; neither is it damp nor moss-grown. Among 

 its usual birds are the Golden-crowned Kinglet, Chickadee, White- 

 breasted Nuthatch, Brown Creeper, Oven-bird, Black-throated 

 Blue and Black and White Warblers, Blue-headed and Red-eyed 

 Vireos, Scarlet Tanager, Wood Pewee, Crested Flycatcher, Flicker, 

 Pileated Woodpecker, Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, and Downy and 

 Hairy Woodpeckers (plate 30). These are active birds and their 

 songs and call notes are more noticeable than in the darker woods. 



10. Sucker Brook. Barber Point is formed by the intersection 

 of Sucker Brook with the lakeshore (figure 139). The brook flows 

 in from the east, the main stream averaging about twenty feet in 

 width, and it is enclosed by trees and shrubs. Along the nearer 

 portions of the Burn the brook tumbles over rocky shelves and 

 boulders, but farther along, beside the Meadow it flows quietly 

 through alders in a more level bed. It is obvious that the brook is 

 not a habitat in itself ; but as a secondary feature of the neighbor- 

 hood it has an important influence. Its banks nourish the hemlocks ; 

 its shores, overhung with bushes, serve as coverts for shelter and 

 bathing for the birds of the Burn and Clearing (figure 140), and its 

 illuminated openings help diversify the surroundings. We find asso- 

 ciated with the brook exclusively, only one bird, the Water -Thrush. 

 If the brook were lacking this bird would probably not be present. 

 Encroaching alders and fallen branches form pools (figure 141) 

 near which is found the Water-Thrush, while Song Sparrows and 

 White-throated Sparrows sing in the alders. Kingfishers nesting 

 in the face of the sandbank at the Point make frequent excursions 

 up the brook, and the Solitary Sandpiper shows a preference for 

 its quiet pools. The Merganser, when its young are ready for 

 the water, leads them up the brook for early lessons in the art of 

 catching fish. 



INFLUENCE OF CERTAIN FOREST TREES ON BIRD LIFE 



To analyze more thoroughly the relations existing between birds 

 and forests in the western Adirondacks, let us consider in detail 

 each element of the Adirondack mixed woods, and the mutual influ- 

 ences exerted between them and particular species of birds. E. A. 



