62 Proceedings of the Royal Trish Academy. 
some of the excavations proved, nine feet in thickness of undisturbed 
peat, into which the main oak piles extended for depths of from one 
to four feet, while the remains of the hazel (?) stakes or wattles that 
formed the walls of the huts or habitations were only a few inches 
long. This proves that only the bare foundations of the structure 
now remain; all the habitations, and even a considerable thickness of 
peat under them, especially to the north-eastward, having been re- 
moved by the action of the sea. From the survey of the crannog we 
found that it had been inclosed by two not very regular ovals of oak 
piles (some of which were split); the piles of the outer oval, which 
are closer together and much more numerous than those of the inner, 
slope outwards, and those of the inner oval generally slope slightly 
inwards; the interior was divided into numerous compartments. 
On the northern side only three piles could be found, one belonging 
to the inner oval and the other two to the outer. The reason for this, 
and for the paucity of stakes dividing this quarter of the crannog, 
may be accounted for by referring to the cross section, where it will 
be seen from the present surface of the ground that the sea denudation 
must have cut out all the piles and stakes to the eastward, except 
those of unusual length. To the N. E. the denudation has been even 
greater; and here we now find at the surface many roots of bog timber 
similar to those which, near the centre of the crannog, are more than 
two feet below the surface of the solid peat. The inner encircling 
line of piling seems to have been wattled, as represented in the upper — 
or ideal portion of the cross section. 
We dug up several of the oak piles as well as of the smaller hazel 
stakes, and found that they were all more or less pointed (some of 
them very imperfectly), as though by a hatchet; the cuts are clean, but 
not more regular than those elsewhere made by stone or bronze im- 
plements. Near the centre of the crannog there were standing in the 
peat what on digging them up proved to be two split planks of oak 
in close juxtaposition, over three feet long and about two inches thick, 
and evenly split. Their upper ends had been worn off from exposure, 
but their lower ends (which were not far below the surface of the 
peat) were cut off square. These planks stood just within what 
appears to have been a circular wattle wall about 26 feet in diameter. 
This circle, now imperfect to the north-eastward, is to the west of the 
centre of the crannog. The greatest diameter of the crannog is from 
92 to 100 feet. It is known from the explorations made in other 
crannogs that the huts or habitations on such structures were formed 
with wattle walls, sometimes single, but often double; in the latter 
case the space between being stuffed with peat; and such seem to 
have been the structures on the crannog at present under consideration. 
Many of the huts seem to have been oval or circular; but the lines 
of stakes are so numerous and intricate that it is hard to follow them 
out; and they would suggest that two or more sets of buildings may 
have been successively erected; the later ones perhaps to replace 
former ones destroyed by fire or by a hostile people. 
