UssHer and Krxanan—On a Submarine Crannog. 63 
In support of this suggestion it may be pointed out that some of 
these lines of stakes appear to have been driven alongside round 
beams of fir which evidently had been placed long prior to the time 
when the other lines of stakes had been driven. Furthermore, the 
points of certain stakes supposed to be older are perfect, while some- 
times the points of the supposed newer ones are crushed up; as if in 
the driving they had encountered a substance harder than the peat. 
The excavations were unsatisfactory. In an east and west section 
scarcely anything was found but solid undisturbed peat, except on the 
east, at the outside oval of piles, where charcoal occurred at a depth of 
two feet from the surface. This charcoal layer was followed, but 
without any favourable results. 
The section here was as follows :— 
Section inside east margin of Crannog. 
Feet 
Sabeaty 3 a 1-0 
7. Thin stratum of bluish clay, with worn pebbles, 
GorReat, 6% 
5. Thin stratum of bluish clay, with worn pebbles 1-0 
and an angular piece of limestone, 
4, Thin stratum of charcoal, 
oeekeat. | ia : : 5 : : ; : 2:0 
2. Clayey peat, . : 3°0 
1. Very clayey peat, full of small oak roots, . 0°5 
5) 
In the peat, Nos. 1, 2, and 3, roots and twigs of oak occurred, and 
in the peat, Nos. 6 and 8, many boughs and twigs of oak, also stouter 
pieces of sallow. 
HIGH WATER 
PEAT Yur MM ee 
MLM UM fe. EAST 
Yi 
OTL TTE wr TEED Wy, le 
WEST Le W114 f Cie MARLY CLAY 
The accompanying cross section was taken along the line AB on 
plan. On it are shown— 
lst. The present surface of the ground with the oak piles and 
hazel stakes that penetrated into it, also the planks, beams, &c., that 
were found in the excayations. 
