74 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 
Everywhere in this stratum charcoal was frequent, and the follow- 
ing objects of human art occurred in it, viz.:—A polished celt of 
greenstone, flat, symmetrical, and approximately triangular; a large 
flat amber bead, and two carved objects of bone. A small pointed 
bone implement, and a piece of charred hand-made pottery, were 
found either in this or in the next stratum. A bone chisel and a bone 
knife-handle, carved with concentric circles, and marked by an iron 
blade, were found in crevices, but may have been of the period of the 
upper stratum. 
Il.—The Grey Earth and Calcareous Tufa. 
Under, but clearly defined from, the brown earth was a grey stra- 
tum, its staple consisting of earth and stones, apparently similar to 
the materials of the first stratum, but usually pervaded by carbonate 
of lime in the form known as calc tufa. This calcareous material was 
found permeating the earth of this stratum, in which it formed dis- 
tinct whitish seams, like successive floors. From the fifteenth foot 
inwards it formed a hard whitish cake, resting on the crystalline sta- 
lagmite floor. This second stratum yielded most interesting relics of 
man and of extinct animals. The bones were usually blackened and 
covered with pale dendritic marks. A large proportion of them be- 
longed to the Irish elk: these represented at least five individuals. 
There were numbers of fragments, but no large bone entire. The 
ends of the marrow-bones were always broken of, and the shafts gene- 
rally split lengthways. Jragments of the antlers were found, and the 
small bones of the limbs and feet were numerous. Some of the bones 
aud pieces of antler show indentations, as if they had been gnawed. 
The few human bones which were found in the grey earth were 
blackened, but those encrusted with the cale tufa were straw-coloured. 
Bones of rabbits, foxes, and domestic animals were much rarer in this 
stratum than in the brown earth, but those of deer and hare were more 
numerous. Some blackened bones of bear and one of wolf were also 
found in the grey earth. Charcoal occurred in this stratum even more 
abundantly than in the brown earth; it formed a seam in the grey 
earth, suggesting an old floor or hearth, and detached lumps of char- 
coal occurred both above and below this. The only bone implement 
from this stratum is the worn, pointed metacarpal of a small ruminant. 
Rude stone implements were, however, plentiful. Worn lumps of 
sandstone, of shapes convenient for the hand, were found through the 
grey earth. These show unmistakable marks of having served for 
striking and cleaving with, possibly for smashing the marrow-bones; 
with them were found some stones, cracked and blackened by fire. A 
marine mussel and a limpet-shell were also procured from this stra- 
tum. 
I1.—The Pale Sandy Earth 
was of a pale brown, inclining to ochre. It passed in places into 
gravelly sand. This pale sandy earth enveloped and adhered to the 
