86 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 
are united, there is some tendency to scaphocephaly. At the pterion 
on each side the four bones, frontal, parietal, squamosal, and alisphe- 
noid, almost meet in a point, in the way so common in the lowest 
races, and reminding one of the simian arrangement. The intertem- 
poral diameter is as large as the interparietal; the nasal bones are 
small, unsymmetrical, and flat; and the interorbital septum is wide. 
There is a well-marked, almost right angle, between the floor of the 
inferior nares and the front of the upper jaw. The palate is compara- 
tively small and flat, with the alveolar margin well curved; one of the 
fore molars on the right side has been long lost ante mortem; no trace 
remains of the basilar suture; the occipital condyles are broad, short, 
and flat; and the foramen magnum is elongated from before back- 
wards. 
The wide face and narrow brain-case of B (PI. IV., fig. 6, B and 
B a) is very striking. In this also the septum between the orbits is 
extremely thick ; the nasal bones are flat, and in line with the frontal ; 
and here, again, we find the oral portion with comparatively small 
development, although the sides of the arch are somewhat parallel, 
and thus showing an approach to the lower animal form. The sutures 
at the pterion have the normal arrangement of higher races. 
Beyond its microcephaly I need say little about the cranium C. It 
has been much scored by the weather, and otherwise subjected to ill- 
usage. 
The female calvaria D has the sagittal suture in nearly complete 
ankylosis; in E the two parietals are completely united, leaving no 
trace of the suture; and in F a similar condition is commencing. In 
the Zhesaurus Craniorum Dr. Bernard Davis remarks that ‘this 
premature ossification of the sutures is very frequent in African skulls;” 
and I have found the union in three out of the four negro skulls which 
are in the College of Surgeons of Dublin Museum. The specimens E 
and F have been subjected to the action of fire, whether accidentally 
or not I cannot say. The Congo cranium F (Pl. IV., fig. F) is of 
the typical negro type; and is noteworthy for its great prognathism, 
which is of the alveolar kind, that is to say, the great protrusion 
is in the alveolar margin; but a still more important peculiarity of 
this jaw is the fact that it possesses an extra true molar tooth on each 
side, in line with the others (fig. F, 1). Additional molars were first 
pointed out by Soemmering in a negro cranium which I believe is 
still in the Giessen Museum. Supernumerary molars in negroes are 
mentioned by Bernard Davis; but they are extremely rare. 
The remaining pieces of the collection will, perhaps, be considered 
of more general interest. The peculiar implement (PI. V., fig. a), 
with which we may begin, is not a musical instrument, nor a weapon, 
as might be supposed, but a pipe for smoking the so-called ‘‘ leamba;”’ 
which, to judge from the smell which is still retained by the pipe, as 
well as on the authority of Du Chaillu, is simply Indian hemp, or the 
dried leaves of Cannabis sativa, which appears to be cultivated all over 
central Africa. Livingstone mentions it as being one of the crops 
