ABRAHAM—On a Collection of Crania. 87 
raised by the natives on the banks of the Zambesi and its tributaries, 
and Du Chaillu and others allude to its being grown on the West coast. 
It is interesting to find the use of this drug, to procure exhilaration 
and subsequent narcotism, so widely spread in Africa as well as in 
Asia. Dr. Allan tells me that these ‘‘leamba” pipes are smoked by 
consumptives on the West coast; and, no doubt, their effect, if used 
in moderation, would be soothing in painful sicknesses. The bowl 
of this pipe is formed of a brownish clay, and is not of an out-of-the- 
way size, while the stem is made of an elongated large fruit, of what 
plant I am unable to say; it measures 55 cm. in length, and 84 cm. in 
circumference. In Dr. Livingstone’s work on the Zambesi, a huge 
native tobacco pipe is figured, but in that the bowl is the largest part. 
The three curious examples of native pottery may now be consi- 
dered: the two larger pieces are water-coolers, and are known by the 
name of ‘‘ maringas.” Formed of a somewhat porous clay, a slight 
exudation of the contained water becomes possible ; and from the film 
so formed on the exterior, evaporating in the surrounding warm cur- 
rents of the atmosphere, we have a physical explanation for their cool- 
ing properties. Similar porous water-coolers are in use in most warm 
countries, and these recall’to me the so-called ‘‘ water-monkeys” of 
Jamaica. There is nothing remarkable in the shape of the vessel 
(Pl. V. y), except, perhaps, that its lines are elegant, and its contour 
singularly symmetrical—when we remember that in this case the 
potter had no lathe or other mechanical contrivances. The ornamen- 
tation is simple, and is effected by a series of fine lines round the neck 
and body, and by dark paint, laid on rather unevenly, in a symmetri- 
cal pattern. Together with that which I am now about to describe, 
it came from Loanga. 
The specimen (Pl. V. 8) is unlike anything of the kind which I have 
seen described or figured. It-is so fashioned that a current of air can 
pass, as it were, right through the mass of the liquid, the evaporation 
being thereby more extensive, and the cooling more rapid. It is as 
though two separate flasks were joined together by three tubes. Such 
an elaborate piece of plastic-work must require a great amount of 
ingenuity and skill on the part of the designer and maker. It is orna- 
mented more elaborately, chiefly by lines and bands of the same brown- 
ish paint, and by lines and indentations in the clay itself. 
The small jug (Pl. V.6) is the handiwork of bushmen of South- 
west Africa. Low and degraded as is this race, both physically and men- 
tally, this modest little attempt at any rate shows that even a bushman 
has an idea of form, and a dawning notion of art. The mark of the 
savage fire, in front of which it was baked, is to be seen near the 
handle; and around the body rough, blackened scorings form a pat- 
tern, and relieve the monotony of a uni-coloured surface. Primitive 
and lob-sided though the whole achievement may be, less elegant and 
artistic utensils are to be seen upon many a modern esthetic wall. 
Next follow two calabashes, richly ornamented with carvings, into 
which white chalk has been rubbed, and paint. These are commonly 
used for carrying water all over Africa ; and Livingstone, in his work 
