122 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 
a Provost and burgesses. In the rental of the village made by ‘‘ three 
of the burgesses with the Provost,” all sworn, and elected by the 
whole community, the names of twenty-nine tenants are given, with 
the rent paid by each, and the quantity of land, if any, he held. 
The average was about five acres, and the rent of house and land 
about 1s. 6d. a-year. Then follow forty-eight joint tenants who had 
no land, and whose average rent was only 4d. a-year. These seem to 
have been of the labouring class, and no doubt serfs. The bishop gave 
an undertaking that the colony should be governed by ‘‘the law of 
Bristol.” ‘‘ Dicti burgenses et eorum heredes nobis et successoribus nostris 
secundum legem Bristolit in omnibus et per omnia respondebunt, et secun- 
dum eandem legem tractabimus eosdem.’’° 
This law, I believe, was Magna Charta, with some slight changes. 
If we take these seventy-seven tenants to have been heads of families, 
they will represent a population of between 3800 and 400, forming a 
community of some importance in a country so thinly peopled as Ire- 
land then was. Many of the names mentioned are still to be found in 
the neighbourhood: amongst them are Wyn, Kasse (now Cash), and 
Cotte. A farmer bearing the last name lives not far from my house, a 
thrifty, hard-working man, with an unmistakably Saxon face. 
No information as to the occupation of these settlers can be de- 
rived from the Roll, except that a few of them were batachs or 
farmers, and ‘‘adscripti glebae.” ‘“‘ Quiquidem burgenses sunt betagit, 
quare non possunt wre ex villa nist facere pasturam super terras dominicas 
domint, quaequidem terrae yacent et claudunt burgagvum usque villam.”’ ® 
With regard to the great body of the colonists, it is evident that 
they must have had some other industry, and I think a elue to its 
nature may be obtained from Smith’s History of Cork. He knew 
nothing whatever of the history of Kilmaclenine and its colony, but in 
enumerating the mineral productions of the county, which would 
afford industrial employment, if taken advantage of, he notices a 
deposit of ochre there. This is situated at the place where there is 
little doubt the village stood, and it attracts the visitor’s attention by 
its bright colour wherever the soil is exposed. Smith’s words are— 
‘A pale yellow ochre comes from Kilmaclenan, near Doneraile, where 
there is plenty of it; it turns to a brick colour, and is used by the 
glovers and skinners of that neighbourhood.’ Now as the chief, if 
not the only, export trade of Ireland in early times was that in hides, 
it is not an improbable conjecture that this deposit suggested the in- 
troduction of a colony of tanners and workers in leather, who could 
take advantage of it, and carry on a profitable industry. The village 
was probably built of wood, for timber was abundant; to the north 
and west stretched the great forest (coilLL moj) from which the 
barony (Kilmore) takes its name, and not far from the village, some 
5 Pipa, p. 17. ® Ibid, p. 18. 
7 The Antient and Present State of the County and City of Cork, vol. ii., p. 369. 
