124 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 
About two hundred yards off is the ruined church of Kilmaclenine, 
which, like the castrum, belongs to the thirteenth or fourteenth 
century. Its dimensions are—length, 49’ 4”; breadth, 28’; thick- 
ness of walls, 3’ 8”, The chancel is 10’ 3” by 12’ 4”. The west and 
south walls are standing, the former clad with a mantle of ivy spring- 
ing from massive roots, evidently of great age. All the cut stone, if 
it had any, has disappeared, and the building is a mere wreck. By 
its side is the ancient graveyard, referred to in the Roll as the ‘ cemi- 
terium,”’ where ‘‘the rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep.” It is 
unenclosed, and only distinguishable from the rest of the field by some 
rude stones buried in moss. It has been long disused. 
From the few allusions in the Roll it would appear that the village 
was near the church—as we might have supposed—and perhaps a 
little to the south-east of it, where there is a deep well, lined with 
stone, and reached by a flight of ten steps. This could not have been 
intended for the convenience of any of the present inhabitants. Close 
to this I picked up a broken quern, on a late visit to the spot. The 
foundation of this village must have taken place before 1238, the year 
in which Bishop David, who made the grant, was translated from 
Cloyne to Cashel; it must therefore be assigned at latest to 1237, that 
is, sixty-five years after the Conquest, and it was probably one of the 
earliest attempts to introduce industrial employment here, where the 
people had hardly emerged from the pastoral stage. The enterprise 
was of advantage, not only to the country generally, but specially to 
the Church, for these industrious colonists paid a considerable rent. 
This appears from the fact that while the rental of the extensive 
estates of the See was only £6 4s., the village paid £2 18s. 9d., or 
nearly half as much. The estates were seventeen in number, and 
_ would now be of enormous value. The moral support which the bur- 
gesses gave their lord was also of no small importance, for he seems to 
have been at times in a position of complete isolation. The native 
Trish are only recognised in the Roll as “‘ purd homines S* Colmant.” 
What this meant is explained in the following passage :—‘“‘ dominus 
potest omnes astos et filros et filias eorum in omnibus locis capere et bona 
eorum seysire, et eos vendere,”' &c. The Anglo-Norman nobles, on the 
other hand, who succeeded the original chieftains as tenants of the 
Church lands, paid their rents with the utmost reluctance, and some- 
times not at all. They were quite ready to come to Kilmaclenine, and 
do homage and promise to pay, but that was all. To take one in- 
stance in 1864:—‘‘ Dominus William Cogan cognovit se tenere de domino 
et de dicto castro villam de Balaghath (Ballyhay),”” at a rent of 6s. 8d. 
In 1368, a jury empanelled at Kilmaclenine find, that William Cogan 
“ fecit defaltam,” *® and many others with him. Finally, in a rental at 
the end of the Roll we find his rent set down at 40d.," exactly half, 
having been reduced, we may presume, in the hope of inducing him to 
1 Pipa, p. 8. 2 Jb., p. 18. Mos Dwar “4 fb 49, 
