316 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 
10. Tur Exernant (’EXédas). 
Elephas indicus, Cuy.—The Indian Elephant. 
There are, as might be expected, numerous allusions to the Ele- 
phant by Megasthenes, Arrian, and the author of the Periplus. Its 
mode of capture is described, as also are its training, its uses in the 
chase and in war, its habits, and certain peculiarities of its constitution. 
Some of these latter, as, for instance, those connected with the coming 
together of the sexes, are correct, though a myth im reference to 
this last exists even at the present day, and is very commonly believed 
by many. 
The elephants of Taprobane (7.e. Ceylon) are distinguished, ac- 
cording to A‘lian’s account—derived perhaps from Megasthenes— 
as being larger, and more intelligent, than those of the mainland. 
The same author, too, describes a white elephant, and relates in 
reference to it a story of its devotion to its master. 
The author of the Periplus mentions several ports, both in Africa 
and India, whence elephas (7. e. ivory) was an article of export, as we 
know it had been since the days of Solomon. 
A very fair monograph of the habits and external characteristics 
of the elephant might be written from the facts recorded by the above 
authors, supplemented by such as are given by Strabo and Pliny. 
11. Tue Karrazonon anp THE Inpiawn Ass (Kaptawvor, 
’Ivdukos Ovos). 
Rhinoceros indicus, Cuy.—The Rhinoceros. Genda, Hin. 
The Kartazonon of Megasthenes and the Horned Ass of Ktesias, 
although separately described by AZlian as if they were distinct ant- 
mals, appear to be both capable of identification with the rhinoceros. 
This fact has been already more or less generally accepted by writers, 
although some particulars, especially those as to the colour, have 
given rise to much discussion and argument. It seems probable that 
the Rhinoceros was also the original of the monokeros, or unicorn, 
which, as we have good cause to know, is usually represented as an 
Horned Ass. -Ailian’s** description of the Kartazonon is as follows :— 
‘Tt isalso said that there exists in India a one-horned animal, called 
by the natives the Hartazon. It is of the size of a full-grown horse, 
and has a crest and yellow hair soft as wool. It is furnished with 
very good legs, and is very fleet. Its legs are jointless, and formed 
like those of the elephant; and it has a tail like a swine’s. A horn 
sprouts out from between its eyebrows, and this is not straight, but 
32 Hist. Anim., xvi. 20, 21. 
