Bury—On the Roman Empire in Fourth Century, A.D. 499 
Tillemont gives credence to the statement that Constantine II. 
reigned at Constantinople; and Gotofredus accepts the notice that 
Dalmatius ruled in Mesopotamia (cf. below, Chronicon Paschale). 
(11). Theophanes, p- 50 (ed. Bonn). ypdwas d€ duabyxas tots 
Tpioly viots avTov Ti Baotr<tav katédurev Kwvorartio, Kovotarrive, 
Kovotavte . . . Tas dé SiabijKas avrov “Apevava tive mpeaButépw v0 
Kavotavrias THs adeApyns aitod Kaxoppdvws TapeoaxOevte twapébero 
évrerAapevos pyndevi Tavtas Tapacxetvy ANY Kwvotaytiw Td THS was 
Baorrg«i, éxéAevoe 5é “Afavacrov ths e€opias éravehOety. Kuwvoraytios 
d€ katakaBov ek THS EWas TO TOD TaTpos THpa ev TOs arodTOAOLS 
KatéeTo, 6 dé dvdctos “Apevavos tperButepos éridods Kwvoraytiw tas 
SiaPqKas moANTS ETUXE Tappyolas év TOUS BaotXeiors. cae 
TOUTH TO eTeL Kwvotavtivov Tod peydhov Kat aylov avarravoapévou 
Ol TpEts viol éexpaTyoav TOV Popatwv’ Tis pev éwas Kwvoravtios’ Taev 
dé TadArav Koévotas, kai Kwvoravtivos ths "TraNias. 
In their accounts of the will, Theophanes and Sozomen coincide; 
Philostorgios diverges slightly from both. Probably Theophanes had 
not only Sozomen before him, but also the sources of Sozomen’s 
account. It is curious that he interchanges the realms of Constans and 
Constantine. 
(12). Chronicon Paschale, 532. kat katédure Kaicapas tovs Tpets 
vious avrod, Kwvoravtivov Kaicapa Baorhevovra TOV KATO TadAtov 
pepov dyovra 7s Bactretas eros €LKOO TOV Kal Kovordyrvov TOV pet 
avrov Kaioapa ev TOS KaTa THY dvar ody fépeciv €ros _dyovra THs 
Baotreias va’ Kai Koévoravta per’ atrov Kaicapa €v Tots KOTO. THV 
"IraXiav pépect Sudyovta THs Bacwvcias eros ayovta Tpitov Kat Aadpdtiov 
Kaicapa vidoy Tod ddeAgpod airod év 7H Mecororapia eros ayovta Kat 
aurov TpiTov. 
This notice gives us precise dates for the investment of the Caesars 
with governments. Constantine had been elevated in 317, so that he 
was just twenty years a Caesar in 837. Constantius became a Caesar 
in 823; but 337-323 = 14. Isa’ a mistake, or should we read wd ? 
Moreover, Constans became a Caesar in 333, two years before Dal- 
matius; why then éros tpirov ? 
When we look at the words more closely, we shall be disposed not 
to assume too readily that these numbers are erroneous. The writer 
does not say that twenty years, eleven years, and three years, have 
elapsed since Constantine, Constantius, and Constans, respectively, 
received the title of Caesar. He says that at the death of Constantine 
I., Constantine II. was in the twentieth year of his government (t7js 
Baoir<ias), Constantius in the eleventh, and Constans in the third. 
From this we are entitled to infer that Constantine was made nomi- 
nally governor—of Italy perhaps—in the latter half of 317, or the 
beginning of 318; that Constantius received a government (Gaul ?), 
as we have already seen, in 327; that Constans was appointed ruler 
of Italy in the early part of 335. 
It is very worthy of remark that Dalmatius’ government is placed 
R.I.A. PROC., SER, II., VOL. II.—POL. LIT. AND ANTIQ. 3D 
