Rhodophycee. 
A. Protofloridee. 
I. Bangiales. 
Fam. 1. Bangiaceæ. 
J. AGARDH (1883), Till Algernes Systematik. Tredje afd. VI. Ulvaceæ. Lunds Univ. Årsskrift Tom. XIX. 
G. BERTHOLD (1881), Zur Kenntniss der Siphoneen und Bangiaceen. Mittheil d. zoolog. Station zu Neapel, II. 
— (1882), Die Bangiaceen des Golfes von Neapel. Leipzig. 
H. Hus (1902), An Account of the species of Porphyra found on the Pacific coast of North America. 
Proc. Calif. Acad. sc. 3. ser. vol. II No. 6, San Francisco. 
H. Kyrın (1907), Studien über die Algenflora der schwedischen Westküste. Upsala. 
Fr. OLTMANNS (1904), Morphologie und Biologie der Algen, I, p. 529—534. 
Fr. Scumirz (1894), Kleinere Beiträge zur Kentniss der Florideen. V. La Nuova Notarisia, Ser. V, p. 717. 
(1896), Bangiaceen. Engler-Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenfam. I, 2, p. 307— 316. 
With regard to the natural history of the Bangiaceæ reference may be made 
to the above-quoted works of BERTHOLD, SCHMITZ and OLTMANNS; I wish only to 
make some remarks on the spores produced asexually. BERTHOLD named them 
“neutral spores”, a name in my opinion but little applicable, as these spores cannot 
be said to be more neutral than the carpospores. Scumirz named them monospores 
as they are produced by the whole contents of a cell, but the carpospores were 
given by him the same name, and consequently this was not a name peculiar to 
the spores produced asexually. Besides, it seems to me more reasonable to 
compare the cell, which after division produces a number of spores, with the 
tetrasporangium in the Florideæ, than to compare the daughter-cell the contents of 
which become a spore with the monosporangium of Chantransia, for the fact is 
that the spores in the tetrasporangium are also separated by cell-walls. If the 
term monospore might be used within this family, it must be for the cases where 
one spore only is produced by each originally vegetative mother-cell (e. g. Gonio- 
trichum, Erythrotrichia). When more than one spore are produced by a mother- 
cell, it might be desirable to give them the same designation as the tetraspores of 
the Floridew, but against that we have the fact that the number of spores is nol 
fixed and may be reduced to one. In order to avoid a long designation the spores 
produced without sexual process may be named gonidia. According to their mode 
of development the family may be divided into the following sections 
