17 
an average 6,7 °/00 (the monthly means varying between 5,5 and 8,8°/oo). A salter 
bottom-water is found here, but only at a rather considerable depth. At a station 
north of Bornholm, 55°26' N.L. 14°46' E. L., the salinity of the surface-water is 
ca. 7—8"/oo, of the bottom-water ca. 13-—15°/00. The boundary lies at a depth of 
about 60 M. The salinity however increases somewhat above this boundary, as 
will be seen from the following numbers found by the international investigations 
during the years 1903—1907 (Bulletin trimestriel). 
North of Bornholm 55°26' N. L., 14°46’ E.L. The salinity were at depths of: 
0—30M.... 8°/oo 
40 - ... 7,32—11,560/00 
50 - ... 7,38—11,94 - 
60 - ... 10,61—14,89 - 
The currents in the Danish waters are complicated and variable; they de- 
pend not only on the above-mentioned exchange between the waters of the North 
Sea and the Baltic, but also on the wind, in a less degree on the tide and of course 
on the configuration of the coast and the bottom. When the wind is strong it 
determines the strength and direction of the surface currents. Thus, with westerly 
winds salt surface-water streams from the Skagerak into the Kattegat, and from 
the Kattegat a northerly current brings relatively salt water in through the Sound 
and the Great Belt. Easterly winds produce the contrary effect. A sudden change 
in the direction of the wind often causes a strong current, especially in the narrow 
belts and sounds. There is on the whole almost always a more or less strong cur- 
rent in the latter, e. g. in the Little Belt, in the Sound at Helsingør, sometimes as 
strong as in a river. That currents can be produced by the tide is not only seen 
at the most southerly part of the Jutland west coast, south of Skallingen, but also 
at some single places inside Skagen, for instance in the bay inside Korsør and 
in some of the Sounds in the Smaaland Sea, where the current, at any rate during 
calm conditions of the weather, regularly changes with the tide (every 6 hours). 
The height of the water-level at the Danish coast is only in a small 
degree dependent on the tide. This is only at the southern part of the Danish 
North Sea coast of a fairly considerable magnitude. North of Thyborgn channel 
and in the waters inside Skagen its greatest height is only at some few places 1 foot 
or a little more, at other places it is only some few inches, and at Bornholm there 
is no tide at all. According to “the Danish Pilot”! the following heights occur: 
The North Sea and Skagerak Waters inside Skagen 
mean high-water above mean low-water the mean height of the spring-tide 
ESbDjensas.s ea... 5 feet Frederikshavn .. 1 foot 
Nordby (Fang)...... 4 — 9inches Aarhus......... (inches 
Blaavands Huk ..... 5 — Eredericia -:2-.. » — 11 
Nynunder Gabs 3 — Korsør aides ois < » — 1 — 
' Den danske Lods; 4. edit. 1893, p. 29. 
D. K. D. Vidensk, Selsk. Skr., 7. Række, naturvidensk. og mathem. Afd. VII. 1. 3 
