64 
more rapidly in some irregularly ramified spots than in the surrounding parts, and 
these spots appear therefore with a deeper red colour, as observed earlier by 
BERTHOLD (1882 p. 16). As mentioned above, this is to be found in broad as 
well as in narrow forms, and it cannot be used as distinctive character between 
them. 
The carpospores contain as a rule numerous minute starch-grains which are 
stained brown-violet with iodine. I have also found fertilised carpogonia containing 
starch before dividing, but on the other hand I have also seen carpospores with- 
out starch. 
The gonidia result, according to BERTHOLD, from one or two divisions per- 
pendicular to the plane of the frond, and the frond after these divisions is conse- 
quently one-layered as in the vegetative state. These spores seem to oceur much 
rarer on the Danish shores than the carpospores. I have not 
had occasion to observe this kind of fructification in fresh spe- 
cimens or in specimens preserved in alcohol; I have only met 
with a few herbarium specimens which seemed to contain gonidia. 
Thus, a specimen collected in the harbour of Seby in September 
was without sexual organs, rather uniformily rose-coloured, and 
consisted merely of a single layer of cells of the same size as the 
vegetative cells, but with richer, more granular plasmatic contents, 
which stained brown-violet to nearly dark with iodine, without 
however showing distinct starch-grains. Further, the cell-bodies 
were much disposed to leave the cell under the softening. 
The germinating plants are, as shown by THURET and BORNET 
(1878 p. 58), at first filiform, but at an early period longitudinal 
Fig. 6. divisions and rhizines arise. The apical cell is early divided by 
Rs a longitudinal wall, while the inferior part of the thallus is still 
growing on Nemalion filiform (fig. 6). 
Saas A cn. The species grows, on the Danish shores, about at ordinary 
water level, or at some distance above it, especially in winter, or a little under it, 
but hardly under the lower water-level. When occurring in the Fucus-zone, it 
grows only in the upper part of it. At Esbjerg it occurs only in the upper part 
of the littoral region. It thrives best where the salinity of the water is compara- 
tively high and the locality tolerably protected. It attains therefore its greatest 
size at Esbjerg and in the Limfjord, where it becomes more than 40 cm. long, 
while it is smaller on the more exposed groins and moles at Thyborøn and Hirshals. 
In the most southern localities in the seas within Skagen I found the following 
maximal sizes of the frond: in Little Belt (Middelfart) 24 cm., in Great Belt (Smor- 
stakken) 29 cm., in the Sound (Helsingør) 12 cm. Most of the Danish places for 
this species are moles; the natural habitats are emerging reefs and boulders near 
land. It grows also on wood, more seldom on Fucus; young specimens have been 
found growing on Nemalion multifidum. 
Conan 
OODUS 
QU 
DE, 
