84 
duration of the hairs is very different in the different species; thus they are vigo- 
rous and very persistent in Ch. virgatula, while in other species they only appear 
in the young plants or parts of the plant but soon fall off. They occur in the 
endophytic Ch. immersa (fig. 57) and Ch. Polyidis (fig. 60 B), while they are wanting 
in the equally endophytic Ch. emergens (fig. 55). The hairs appear very early in 
the young plants; it may even happen that the germinating spore produces a hair 
before giving off any other organ (Ch. gynandra). In Ch. Thuretii the above-men- 
tioned hairs seem to be wanting, but on the other hand the branches often taper 
into hair-like threads, the cells of which become long and discoloured and finally 
die, as in the hair-like organs of the Phæophyceæ (fig. 32 B). Similar hair-like or- 
gans occur in Ch. Daviesii (fig. 34 C). 
Sexual organs have been observed in 5 of the species mentioned below. Four 
of these are monoecious, Ch. rhipidandra only is dioecious. 
The carpogonium has nearly the same form in all species, being bottle-shaped 
with a trichogyne of about the same length as the ventral part. It is never borne 
at the end of a special carpogonic branch as in most other Floridez even the Ne- 
malieæ. In Ch. gynandra (fig. 18) and rhipidandra (fig. 20) the carpogonia are sessile 
and lateral on the main filaments. In the other species they are situated, usually 
laterally, on branched or unbranched branchlets, bearing often also antheridia or 
even sporangia (Ch. hallandica, figs. 21 A, E, 22 B; Ch. Thuretii, figs. 30, 31). In Ch. ef- 
florescens their position is very remarkable, intercalary carpogonia very often oc- 
curring besides others which are lateral (fig.62). In such cases the lowest cell in 
the short fertile branchlet develops into a carpogonium, sending out at its upper 
end a trichogyne upwards along the cell situated above the carpogonium. When 
the branchlet is two-celled, the upper cell is usually sterile and bears antheridia, 
but it may happen, though rarely, that two carpogonia are situated the one above 
the other (fig. 62 B). Intercalary carpogonia were hitherto unknown among the 
Florideæ; they were, however, also found in the here described Ch. gynandra where 
an antheridium is very often seated on the top of the carpogonium (fig. 18 H—K). 
The antheridia! are small roundish cells usually placed two or more together 
on the fertile branchlets. Only in extremely dwarfish plants of Ch. gynandra and 
Ch. hallandica they were found sitting directly on the main filaments, which con- 
sist indeed of only very few cells (figs. 18 D, 24 C). In the monoecious species an- 
theridia usually occur in the neigbourhood of the carpogonia, often very near, and 
in Ch. gynandra an antheridium is often, as already mentioned, placed directly on 
the carpogonium. 
After fertilization the ventral part of the carpogonium grows out and divides 
by a transverse wall, the trichogyne being pushed aside and later thrown off, and 
1 The mother-cells of the spermatia, the spermatangia of SCHMITZ, may here in agreement with 
Orrtmanns (1904 p. 669) be named antheridia. Quite recently N. SvEDELIUs has entered a plea for the 
term spermatangium (Bau und Entwicklung der Florideengattung Martensia. K. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. 
Handlingar. Band 43 No.7. Uppsala 1908). 
