166 
though I have not observed it, but when Denys says 
that they “schliessen nach kürzerem oder längerem Ver- 
lauf an die inneren Zellen der mittleren Rinde” (1. c. p. 10) 
he must have misinterpreted the facts observed. WILLE’S 
statement (1887, p. 87) that these cells “mit einander 
sowohl als auch mit den Speicherungszellen durch Poren 
in Verbindung treten” might be understood as if the pits 
were secondary, whereas in reality they are primary. 
Whether secondary pits may be formed between the 
hyphæ, or between these and other cells, I have not ob- 
served. — In late summer, autumn and winter these 
cells are rich in starch. As to the starch compare for 
Fig. 80. the rest KoLkwirtz (l. c.) All the vegetative cells contain 
Furcellaria fastigiata. Adventitious a single nucleus. Hairs are never produced. 
shoot in longitudinal section. 95:1. 
As to the stolons reference may be made to the 
descriptive works and to KozkwiTz (1. c. p. 46) and Denys (1. c. p. 8). 
The erect fronds are, as is well known, branched by dichotomy, but besides 
this normal ramification adventitious branches sometimes occur, especially in the 
inner Danish waters (Sa, Sf, Sb, Su, Bw) (Flor. Dan. tab. 393). They originate from 
a little group of superficial cells. In developing they increase early in thickness so 
that their basal plane is much larger than their plane of insertion (fig. 80). They 
may be very mumerous, as for instance in some specimens dredged in January in 
Store Belt (NU, no. 4250) at 11 meters depth, the shoots of which were, for a lengih 
of one to three cm or longer, more or less densely beset with very short adven- 
titious shoots; some older shoots of this kind had 
again produced adventitious buds. The cause deter- 
mining the appearance of these shoots is unknown; 
the plants producing them may be fertile. Another 
sort of adventitions shoots develop from the scars 
arising from the decaying and falling off of the 
fructifying parts of the shoots (fig. 81, comp. Harvey, 
Phye. Brit. Plate $4). As shown 
by Caspary (l. c. p. 93, fig. 10) 
this regeneration can be once 
or twice repeated. 
The reproductive organs 
are produced in the upper part 
of the fronds; their develop- 
ment begins at the end of the 
summer or in the beginning of Fig. 82. 
Fig. 81. 
Furcellaria fastigiata. 
Adventitiousshootsgrow- the autumn. In August very Furcellaria fastigiata. A, young sporangia 
ing out from scars. Hirs- å in transverse section of frond, August. 220:1. 
hals June. 1,5:1. young Sporangıa may be found B, ripe sporangium. 230:1. 
