167 
in the inflated ends of the frond. They appear as small cells cut off from the 
outer end of the large cells of the inner cortex, and differ from these by the want 
of starch, by the higher staining power in presence of hæmatoxyline, and in con- 
taining a large, intensily staining nucleus (fig. 82 A). The sporangia increase in Sep- 
tember and October; in November specimens with undivided and divided sporangia 
may be met with. In December the sporangia are always ripe; at the end of 
Nil 
Gr artes plate 
Lars 
Fig. 83. 
Furcellaria fastigiata. A, part of frond with emptied tetrasporangia, December. B and C, parts of fronds with ripe 
cystocarps, December. D, part of frond with antheridia, March. Nat, size. 
December and in January they are often emptied, but in February many sporangia 
containing spores are still to be found. As is well known, the sporangia are oblong 
and “zonate” 9: divided by parallel walls; the spores contain numerous small 
chromatophores (fig. 82 B). The parts of the frond producing tetrasporangia are 
somewhat inflated, fusiform; after the exhaustion of the spores they are a little 
more inflated, soft and green, while the other parts of the frond in winter are dark 
red-brown. The upper tip of the frond sometimes remains sterile and therefore 
retains its dark colour. Downwards the fertile part is sharply marked off from 
the sterile frond and loosens here in decaying during the winter (fig. 83 A). 
The antheridia cover the surface of small terminal inflated segments of the frond; 
which are about 1cm long, of a pale rose colour (fig. 83 D). They are given off 
