182 
The vertical filaments are ascendent at the base; they are thicker near the base 
than in the upper part, and consist there of somewhat swollen cells, about 12,5—14 4 
thick, while the cells of the upper part are 
6—11 », frequently 7,5—9 » thick. N 
The lower part of the filaments ta- || 
pers gradually upwards, while the upper part 
is usually of equal thickness. The ultimate 
cell is truncate or rounded, but never pointed. 
The cells contain a nucleus and a single A B C 
calotte-shaped chromatophore, the border of 
which seems to be more or less lobed. The | 
… Fig. 102. å cells, particularly those of the undermost part Fig. 103. 
Seer = REA oe of the filaments, are usually filled with starch  Cruoria peltita. Bran- 
a carpogonium (?); the cells grains. The filaments are sparingly bran- oes eae aed 
a ea ar ched, by lateral ramification (fig. 102 A).  fringent contents. 
filament with young sporan- Hyaline hairs were not observed, but I some- nn 
De, times found septate branches thinner than the filaments and with 
more refringent contents, reaching the same level as the ordinary filaments (fig. 103). 
The tetrasporangia and the sexual organs occur as a rule in distinct indivi- 
duals; carpogonia have, however, been met with in tetrasporangia-bearing crusts. 
The tetrasporangia are lateral on the vertical filaments. As shown in the figure 
published in Le Jolis Liste (1. c.) they are attached in such a manner that their 
under part projects below the point of attachment. They are very large and divided 
by three horizontal walls. In specimens from Frederikshavn they were 250—283 u 
long, 45—60 » broad. A young sporangium is shown in fig. 102 B. In one case 
the spores seemed to contain several nuclei, but the observation was not certain, 
owing to the numerous starch grains contained in the spores. 
The antheridia form small lateral tufts at the upper end of the vertical fila- 
ments, as shown by THuRET (LE Joris |. c. pl. IV fig. 3). They are usually produ- 
ced in small numbers on the upper end of a unicellular branchlet (fig. 104). The 
antheridia are linear, but the liberated spermatia, according lo THURET (|. c.) are 
globular. I have only once observed antheridia, in a specimen collected at Frede- 
rikshavn in July, having also carpogonia and cystocarpia. 
The development of the cystocarps has only been incom- 
pletely followed. The carpogonial filaments are lateral on the 
vertical filaments. Their number of cells may be variable, at 
most four (fig. 105 A), more frequently less, e. g. two in fig. 105 B, 
and in fig. 106 A, where the trichogyne reached over the sur- 
face of the frond. Most of the carpogonial filaments observed 
Fig. 104. had short trichogynes, and were probably young or abortive. 
Cruoria pellita. Upper ends Carpogonia sitting directly on the vertical filaments also occur, 
of filaments with antheri- 
dia, mostly emptied. 39:1. but in such cases it was often difficult to decide whether they 
