other cases on two or more 
consecutive cells. Most of the 
sporangia are placed on the 
branched part of the pinnæ, 
but they may also be placed 
on the unbranched parts (the 
pinnulæ). As the pinnæ are 
pinnate below with transverse 
branches the sporangia are 
usually placed beside a branch 
but at a lower level; but the 
sporangia may also be opposite 
to the branches (fig. 236). The 
sporangia are usually placed 
singly near the upper end of 
the cell, but a second, younger 
sporangium may be produced 
under the first one or in an 
oblique direction from it and 
323 
Fig. 236. 
Callithamnion tetragonum var. fruticulosa. Branches with tetrasporangia. 
A 150:1. B c.100:1. 
then sometimes under the branch given off from the same cell. In sporangiferous 
individuals procarps are frequently found; thus in a such specimen with nume- 
Fig. 237. 
Callithamnion tetragonum var. fruticulosa. Part of plant 
with antheridial clusters. 215 : 1. 
rous sporangia a branch was met with bea- 
ring a great number of procarps above but 
sporangia below. 
The antheridia are placed in hemisphe- 
rical cushions, as described by NAGeE.r for 
C. tetragonum (I. c. p. 345, fig. 30) and Ky- 
LIN for C. fruticulosum and C. spiniferum 
(l. c. pp. 155—161, figs. 32—33). Comp. our 
fig. 237. These cushions have the same po- 
sition as the tetrasporangia; they are placed 
singly or two in the same cell. The anthe- 
ridia are usually found on the same indi- 
viduals as the procarps. 
The procarps always arise in a branch- 
bearing cell and in such position that the 
carpogonium is opposite to the branch, the 
two auxiliar-mothercells lateral. The carpogonial branch is composed of 4 cells the 
two outermost of which are superposed while the first cells of the branch form a 
horizontal row. Spermatia were repeatedly found attached to the trichogyne, what 
the sporangia being placed “near the middle of the ramuli”; in the quoted figure, the undermost cell 
in the pinnulæ hears no sporangium. 
