Fig. 294. 
Antithamnion cruciatum. Part of erect shoot, gland cells dotted. 
270 : 1. 
360 
of '/ı. The primary long shoots arise 
in the place of a pinna; the joint on 
which it is borne usually bears no 
other branch (fig. 294, 4th joint). The 
primary long shoots have no or only 
a slight influence on the direction of 
the mother axis. Besides the primary 
long shoots, adventitious shoots fre- 
quently arise from the basal cell of 
the pinne (NAGELI |. c.). They may 
be given off from the upper side 
(REINKE I. c.), from the under side 
(fig. 297) or from the flanks of this 
joint which remains short and usually 
produces no pinnule. i 
The pinnæ are variously branched. 
The lower ones, in particular on the 
creeping parts of the long shoots, are 
often entirely unbranched (fig. 295) 
while those on the upper part of the 
plant bear alternate, secund or opposite 
pinnulæ. As shown by NÅGELI in‘1847, 
the pinnæ are usually branched in a 
transversal plane. The plane of ramification is, however, also dependent on the light 
(BERTHOLD 1882, p. 605). With regard to the gland cells occurring on the pinnulæ 
reference may be made to NEST- 
LER’S and SCHUSSNIGS papers 
quoted above; they rest on three 
cells of the pinnula in contradi- 
stinction to those of A. Plumula. 
Pluricellular rhizoids arise 
from the basal cell of the pinnæ 
in the lower part of the plant; 
they are particularly well devel- 
oped in the specimens found in 
the harbour of Frederikshavn 
and referred to f. radicans. The 
long shoots were here creeping 
in their whole length or almost 
so, and bore rhizoids issuing 
from all the basal cells facing 
the substratum. These rhizoidal 
Fig. 295. 
Antithamnion cruciatum f. radicans. A, the pinnæ unbranched, the 
rhizoids with free ends. B, the outer cells of the rhizoids thrown off. 
150 : 1. 
