accordance with the opinion pronounced by earlier authors (Scamirz, PHILLIPS, 
NIENBURG), and recently more precisely by Kyrın, that this species must be referred 
to the Nitophyllee. 
Antheridia have been met with in one specimen collected in November in the 
Great Belt; it was well developed, 5 cm long, while Kuckuck only found antheridia 
on dwarfy specimens at Helgoland. The antheridia were borne on marginal lobes 
and leaflets on the upper part of the plant, about 1 mm long. The antheridial patches 
are usually surrounded by a narrow sterile border (fig. 435 A). In young leaves 
Kyrıy found the antheridial sori forming bands parallel to the margin (1923 p. 65). 
The development of the antheridia 
has been described by the same 
author (p. 77). 
The procarps arise in great num- 
bers in the upper part of the fronds 
without any relation to the veins. 
The development and structure of 
ER the procarps and the cystocarps has 
a > been studied by PhıtLıps and re- 
cently most carefully by Kyrın 
(1923 p.71) whose description may 
Fig. 435. here be referred to. The cystocarps 
Phycodrys rubens. A, part of male frond with antheridia in part- were, in the Danish waters, only 
icular leaflets, November. B, ae ae in particular leaflets. met with in a few specimens dredged 
in the Little Belt; they were almost 
all placed in special marginal leaflets usually containing one cystocarp only (fig. 435 B), 
otherwise near the margin in the larger leaves. 
The tetrasporangia arise in the Danish specimens only in small marginal ad- 
ventitious folioles, never in larger leaves. The folioles, as shown also by Ky Lin, may 
arise from the face of the frond, and sometimes even from old mid-ribs without 
membrane, much as in Del. sanguinea. They contain two layers of tetrasporangia 
which are only separated by one median layer of cells. Their development has been 
described by Kyrın (1923, p. 73) who emphasises that the mother-cells of the spor- 
angia arise in the inner cortical layer, whereas in Del. sanguinea they are super- 
ficial cells. 
Ph. rubens is rather variable in the size and shape of the frond, but the forms 
are connected with each other by intermediate forms. It is widely spread in all the 
Danish waters except the fjords, usually in the ordinary, rather broad form. In the 
North Sea and the Skagerak, however, it reaches only a moderate length (about 
4 cm). In the northern Kattegat, too, it does not reach the full size (7 cm). In the 
inner waters it becomes larger, it not unfrequently attains a length of 10 cm and 
more. The largest specimens were found in the Great Belt and the Sound, in depths 
of 15 to 23 m, where they reach a length of up to 18 cm and a breadth of 1—2 cm 
& 
pa 
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