478 
p. 95). As shown by Kozxkwirz (1. c.) starch is deposited in the mid-rib of the new 
leaves in June, and in summer and autumn they are densely filled with starch 
Fig. 441. 
Delesseria sangui- 
nea. Basal part of 
frond consisting of 
several cylindric 
hapters. Natural 
size. 
grains. The lateral veins are also filled with starch and therefore 
become dark brown by treatment with iodine. 
The basal portion of the frond is disc-shaped or conical and 
composed of densely united rhizines (KoLKwitz p. 45). It may, how- 
ever, also be branched, composed of cylindrical members resembling 
the hapters of the Laminariæ (fig. 441). The basal portion is, accord- 
ing to Korkwırz, filled with starch in August and September; it 
gives rise to new adventitious shoots. 
The germination has not been observed, but plantlets which 
could be identified with this species were repeatedly met with in 
summer, mostly growing on Hydroids, often in company with plant- 
lets of Phycodrys rubens but easily distinguished from them by the lan- 
ceolate outline of the primary frond which is provided with a very 
distinct mid-rib from the base to the top (fig. 442). As shown in fig. 443, the cell- 
divisions at the top of the frond agree exactly with those of the later fronds and 
the mid-rib has also the same structure 
as in these (comp. Kyrin 1923 fig. 61). 
Near the base, however, the cortication of 
the mid-rib is less advanced than in the 
middle of the young frond (fig. 442 B). As in 
the later fronds, the margin shows a num- 
ber of secondary apical cells, but while these 
are otherwise always situated so that the 
right angle of the cell is directed upward, 
the marginal apical cells of the primary frond 
often show the inverse situation, the wall by 
which they have been cut off being inclined 
upwards and the right angle of the cell there- 
fore being directed downward. It not rarely 
happens that two marginal cells situated be- 
side one another show different orientation, 
the one directed upward, the other down- 
ward (fig. 443 B). The downward directed 
apical cells remind one of those described 
above (p. 459) in Odonthalia dentata. Adven- 
titious shoots early arise in the lowermost 
Fig. 442. 
Delesseria sanguinea. A, plantlet from the Little Belt, 
July, 1,7 mm long. 43:1. B, lower part of the same 
showing adventitious branch. 200 : 1. 
part of the primary frond, which has the character of a stipe, probably produced 
by a superficial cell (figs. 442, 444). 
The laminæ of the leaves begin to disorganise in September, and this process 
advances more or less quickly during the autumn and winter and so that only the 
