fertilisation and fusion of the carpogo- 
nium with the auxiliary cell the latter 
gives off several sporogenous filaments 
penetrating between the vegetative cells of 
the frond and finally forming a large goni- 
moblast producing numerous carpo- 
spores. Theripe gonimoblastis composed 
ofanumber of more or less distinct glome- 
ruli separated by shrunken hyphe, as 
shown by Kirzine (Tab. phyc. 17 Tab. 
49 b). The whole cystocarp appears as 
an oblong or round swelling, up to 2 
mm long, prominent on one or some- 
times on both faces of the frond; in 
the first case the not swollen face of 
Fig. 464. 
Chondrus crispus. West side of Hirtshals, low water, July. 
With cystocarps. Photo, nat. size. 
the frond may be concave. The cells of the inner layers of the cystocarpial wall 
are all connected transversally with secondary pits. In the narrow fronds only one 
rm 
wa É 
Fig. 465. 
Chondrus crispus. Hirtshals, mole, May. With 
tetrasporangial sori. Photo, nat size. 
cystocarp is present at the same level (fig. 463); 
in the broader ones several cystocarps may occur 
in the same segment (fig. 464), and it then hap- 
pens that two are contiguous, but the limit be- 
tween them is always distinct. No opening is pre- 
formed in the fruit wall but a hole is formed in 
the middle of the convex fruit wall by disinte- 
gration of the cells. 
The tetrasporangial sori appear as dark-red 
elongated spots, slightly bulging on both faces of 
the frond, in particular in a dried condition; 
they are usually smaller, more irregular in out- 
line and more numerous than the cystocarps and 
often confluent, and no limit can then be drawn 
between the fused sori. They occupy the younger 
portions of the frond, also the adventitious shoots, 
but may sometimes, in specimens growing near 
low-water mark, be met with in most parts of 
the frond (fig. 465). The production of the sporan- 
gial sori may persist during a long period and 
the development then proceeds from the base 
towards the top. Emptied sori may be met with 
‘in the middle of the frond or lower, while young sori are still in development at 
the top. The sporangia arise in branched cell-rows produced by the medullar cells, 
not only in the end-cells, but also from the intercalary ones. They are cruciately 
