504 
divided, first by a transverse wall, later by two longitudinal ones (fig. 466). In a 
specimen gathered in the eastern Kattegat in October I met with a sorus containing 
only two-parted sporangia. 
Fructification occurs during the greater part of the year at the Danish coasts. 
Ripe sporangia and cystocarps were met with in all the months of March to October. 
In the winter months no well developed fructiferous specimens were met with, but 
some few with emptied cystocarps; but the species has only been gathered in small 
quantities at this season, and it is highly probable that it will be found fructiferous 
also in winter, so much the more as it may occur with ripe and partly emptied 
cystocarps and sporangial sori in March and April. The antheridia will probably 
be found on our shores at the same season as on the British coasts viz. spring 
and autumn, and it is probable that the development of the cystocarps usually 
begins in the autumn; it then continues through 
the following year. The production of the tetra- 
sporangia has apparently a similar course. At the 
west coast of Sweden the fructification seems to 
take place at the same seasons as at the Danish 
Fig. 466. coasts (comp. ARESCHOUG Phyceæ, p. 86, Kyrın 
Chondrus crispus. Tetrasporangia. Hirtshals Ea one Rg 2 ® 
RØG 1 dtl, 1D Anne la. 1907, p. 123). On the British coasts it has not, ac 
cording to BATTERS and DARBISHIRE, been recorded 
with fruit in the summer months, but that is perhaps only accidental, and will 
probably not be confirmed by further investigation, for it has been gathered with 
cystocarps at the Ferées in June and September by BORGESEN (Mar. Alg. Fer. 1902, 
p. 357). According to Printz the cystocarps and the tetrasporangia begin to appear 
in August and September in Trondhjem Fjord, and the fructification continues 
during the winter and mostly ceases in early spring; he adds, however, that the 
species shows great power of variation as to the incidence of fructification. 
The germination of the tetraspores has been shortly described and illustrated 
by DARBISHIRE and Kyrın (1917). I have observed the germination of the tetra- 
spores and the carpospores in summer (July, August); they present the same 
features. The spore-cell is first divided by a perpendicular wall and then by 
rather irregularly orientated walls in a number of cells that are much smaller than 
the spore-cell. The germling is then hemispherical or cushion-shaped with a fairly 
regular outline, and increases slowly without changing in shape, or it becomes more 
flat, the vertical radius increasing less than the transverse ones. Sometimes one or 
two filaments are given off from the border; these filaments consist of a single 
cell-row rarely divided by a longitudinal wall (fig. 467, comp. DARBISHIRE, fig. 29, 
Kyrın, figs.g—i). Most of the sporelings in my cultures, however, were without 
such filaments. When two sporelings are developing close together, they may fuse 
together without any distinct limit. The oldest germlings in my cultures, 24 days 
old, showed no upright shoots. The young plants arising from germinating spores 
in summer probably only attain a small size before the following winter. 
