530 
small in December may be retained without producing tetrasporangia and continue their 
life in the following season, whereas most nemathecia perish in winter after the 
Fig. 513. 
Phyllophora Brodiei. Germlings from tetraspores sown in the 
beginning of December 1925. A, spores newly liberated. B, por- 
tion of filament from germling. C, eight months old germling, 
14/, 1926. D, 14 months old germling with upright shoot springing 
near the border !°/, 1927, E and F, 20 months old germlings, 
15/, 1927. A—C, 625:: 1... D; 70:1. E—F, 9:1. 
production of tetraspores. The 3 or 
4 outermost cells in the nemathecial 
cell-rows are narrower than the other 
and remain sterile. It is remarkable 
that the young sporangial cells are 
sometimes connected with cells in 
the contiguous cell-rows by secondary 
pits (fig. 511 A). The fate of the nuclei 
transferred by the formation of these 
pits could not be followed. The 
sporangia are first divided by a 
transverse wall and later by two 
vertical or slightly inclined walls 
(fig. 511 B). 
The germination of the tetra- 
spores was first observed by DARBI- 
SHIRE (1895); he found that the 
germlings were deep red bodies of 
various shape, filamentous, disc- or 
cushion-shaped, but they attained 
only a small size in his cultures. 
The germlings in my cultures from the end of November 1925 were kept alive for 
several months, up to more than two years and a half, and partly reached a much 
better development than in DARBISHIRE’S cultures. In 
the best cultures orbicular, flat or more or less cushion- 
shaped discs, thickest in the middle, were produced, 
which after half a year began to give off an upright 
shoot, usually in the middle. The upright shoot is first 
terete but later becomes flattened, and in the older cul- 
tures ramification could be ascertained, partly by dicho- 
tomy, partly by lateral branching (figs. 513, 515). Owing 
to the unfavourable conditions in the old cultures, the 
germlings figured are not quite normal, but there can 4 B € 
be no doubt of their identity with Phyll. Brodiei. It Fig. 514. 
must further be supposed that the germlings would 
Phyllophora Brodiei. Germlings from 
the bottom ofa glass vessel in which 
have developed into gametophytes, as all fronds of this a fructiferous plant was deposited at 
species are sexual plants, as far as we know. 
the close of November 1925, picked 
up *°/, 1927 (18 months old). 
After the publication of my paper (1929) two authors 
have confirmed the general conclusions there advanced as to the relationship of 
Actinococcus subculaneus, but they have both pointed out facts which suggest that 
