533 
Loose forms. Phyllophora Brodiæi very often occurs lying loose on the 
bottom in the inner Danish waters. It is able to keep living in this condition for 
a long time, growing continually in a sterile state, and it then usually takes a shape 
different from that of the typical species. Loose specimens occur in particular in 
the Zosiera-associations and in other localities where the water is not too agitated 
by waves or by currents. They sometimes occur in great quantities in company with 
other loose Algæ. The loose forms are very variable, and distinct limits between 
the different forms cannot be drawn. In some cases they are only slightly different 
from the typical form, for instance those occurring in the Limfjord, in others they 
have a characteristic shape. The following types may here be distinguished. 
f. concatenata LyYNGB. (1819), p. 11. 
Areschoug, Phyceae, 1850, p. 83, tab. III A. 
B, elongata Hauck Meeresalg., p. 141. 
Elongated often intricate frond repeatedly branched by dichotomy or by 
proliferations, the leafy portions lanceolate or bifurcate, above and below attenuated 
in cylindrical parts (fig. 517 A). The breadth is variable, the narrowest specimens 
merge imperceptibly into the following form. This form has usually few or no 
marginal shoots, but such shoots may sometimes occur, and may even be more 
numerous than in AREscHOUG’s figure. 
Very common in the inner waters, but also met with in the North Sea at 
Blaavandshuk, in the inner waters in particular in Sa (numerous specimens collected 
at Hofmansgave by HOFMAN-BANG, LYNGBYE and CAROLINE ROSENBERG), Ib, Sf, Sb, 
Sm and Su. 
f. filiformis. 
Frond cylindrical or here and there a little flattened, mostly branched by 
proliferations. It occurs in a robuster form, the cylindrical part of which is about 
0.5 mm in diameter while the flat expansions are usually only 1 mm broad (fig. 517 B), 
and in a thinner form with a threadlike frond. The finest specimens are sometimes so 
thin that they are only '/; mm thick and almost without flat expansions, and one would 
therefore be inclined to doubt that they belong to the form-cyclus of Phyllophora 
Brodiei if other specimens from the same gathering did not offer intermediate 
forms connecting them with less aberrant forms. Moreover, even the finest specimens 
may be infested by Ceratocolax Hartzii, which is a specific parasite of Phyllophora 
Brodiwi (fig. 517 C). In its typical form it is only found in Sf and Bw. 
Localities: Sf: Hojen at Faaborg, between broad-leaved Zostera, very thin; DZ, Egholms Flak 
at Morke Dyb, with Zostera. — Bw: cF south of Kegnæs lighthouse. 
f. stellata. 
Phyllophora parvula Darbishire ex p. (1895) fig. 10, 6—8. 
The proportionally small flat frond bears at the top a bunch of radiating 
small, narrow, undivided or forked shoots. These shoots are similar to the sexual 
