592 
As ripe spores are produced in summer (July to August) and are able to 
germinate immediately, young plants must occur already in summer. As shown in 
fig. 593, the germinating spores 
divide by orthogonal or more 
irregularly orientated walls 
forming a hemispherical body, 
scarcely larger than the spore. 
This is the attachment disc. 
After two weeks, in a culture 
at Frederikshavn in July, many 
of the cushions had produced 
a shoot, one of the superficial 
cells, not always at the sum- 
mit of the cushion, taking the 
character of an apical cell 
Fig. 593. (fig. 593 F). Sometimes two 
Cystoclonium purpureum. Germinating tetraspores, Frederikshavn, July. h e 3 I 
F 13 days old. A—E 350:1. F 560 :1. shoots arise simultaneously 
from the same cushion. From 
the under face, appressed to the substratum, short unicellular hapters spring (fig. 594). 
(Compare Kyrın 1917, p. 7). A germling in a more advanced 
stage, agreeing well with those observed in cultures, was met 
with at the end of September at 16 metres’ depth in the 
Northern Kattegat (fig. 595). The plants which arise from the 
spores germinating in summer probably reach a considerable 
degree of development before winter. In the Little Belt I found 
in February 2—4 cm long plants growing on Furcellaria. In 
some cases one frond only was given off from the basal 
cushion, in other cases two or a greater Fig. 594. 
number, but some of them were then (ysloclonium  purpureum. 
Germling 12 days old, seen 
usually broken off (fig. 591 A). In March from above. 560 : 1. 
corresponding specimens were about 7 cm 
long. In the Northern Kattegat specimens which had apparently 
arisen from spores in summer, reaching only a few centimetres in 
length but having a great number of densely crowded shoots 
springing from the attachment disc, were frequently met with in 
autumn (September to November) (fig. 596); their growth is 
Ciisioeta Reda pure! arrested during the winter and only begins again in early spring. 
Germling found growing The development of the sex organs has been studied by 
on Antithamnion Plu Kyrım (1923). The species is dioecious. The antheridia arise on 
mula, September. 75:1. 
the surface of younger shoots which may finally be entirely 
covered by them. They are, according to Kyun (1. c. p. 30), borne on „Spermatangien- 
Mutterzellen” which are cut off from the cells of the outermost, assimilating layer 
Fig. 595. 
