of cells. Some of the latter, however, remain unchanged (cf. BurrHam 1893, 
p. 293). The spermatia, according to Kyrın, contain about 20 chromosomes. 
The antheridia were met with in the Danish waters in June 
and July. 7 
The carpogonial branch was first described and figured | 
by Schmitz and HAUPTFLEISCH, (1896, p. 369, fig. 222 C). The 4) 
development of the procarp and of the cystocarp has been 
carefully treated by Kyrın (1. c. pp. 25—29) and will therefore 
only be very briefly mentioned here. The mother-cell of the } 
carpogonial branch is early cut off on the inner side of a Neil 
superficial cell, but when fully developed the carpogonial FR) Br) 
branch appears inserted on the inner side of the inner cortex > 
(storage tissue). It is three-celled, and the lowermost cell Cut > Ly 
produces a small lateral cell. The auxiliary cell, which is ff 1 
early developed, is situated near the carpogonium and issues 3% BR 
ge I. 
from the same cell which bears the carpogonial branch. After Cnam tourner 
the entrance of a diploid nucleus from the fertilized carpogo-  Lowermost part of young 
nium into the auxiliary cell the first gonimoblast cell is a CES RASE 
formed from the inner side of the latter. The lowermost cell basal shoots bud off from 
of the gonimoblast fuses with the auxiliary cell, and later ""* achment aise: Sep" 
similar fusing processes take place between the latter and 
other cells of the gonimoblast. For further details on the development compare 
KYLIN (l. c.). The structure of the ripe cystocarp has been pictured by Kirzine 
(1843, Taf. 58). Ripe cystocarps were met with in the Limfjord in June, otherwise 
everywhere in July and August. In September and October they were more or 
less empty. 
The tetrasporangia arise in the cortex and are transversely divided. In a ripe 
state they were met with in June (Limfjord) and in July to September. The tetra- 
spores germinate immediately after exhaustion, but 
it may happen that they are not set free and then 
germinate within the mother plant still surrounded 
by the sporangial membrane (fig. 597). 
After frutification the fronds die entirely or 
with the exception of the lowermost portion. The 
cluster of horizontal shoots issuing from the base of 
the plant is able to survive through the winter, 
and new upright fronds then arise from them, or 
Fig. 597. 
Cystoclonium purpureum. Tetraspores smaller shoots from the foregoing year not having 
Segmented within the sporangial wall reached the stage of fructification survive through 
September. 200: 1. 
the winter and develop next summer into large fructi- 
fying fronds. The species is then perennial, or may at least keep alive and 
fructify during two years; but many individuals never become perennial because 
D. K. D. Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., 7. Række, naturvidensk. og mathem. Afd., VII, 4. 76 
