598 
According to KırLıan the first stages of the germination of the carpospores 
and the tetraspores much resemble those of Lomentaria clavellosa. An attachment 
disc is produced_ by vertical divisions of the spore-cell. One of the cells of this 
disc, one of the original octant-cells, early becomes larger than the others and gives 
rise to the leafy frond. 
According to KYLIN, the species is monoecious. The antheridia arise scattered 
on the surface .of the frond, 3 to 5 small cells are cut off from a cortical cell, and 
each of these small cells produces 2 or 3 spermatangia. The development of the 
procarp and of the cystocarp has been carefully examined by Kyrın. The following 
facts only shall be mentioned here. The procarps arise near the border of the frond. 
The three-celled carpogonial branch is borne on a supporting cell which also supports 
Fig. 601. 
Rhodophyllis bifida. From Groves Flak, 19 m, collected by dr. F. Borgesen. 4, with cystocarps, B, with tetraspores. 
Photo, nat. size. 
an auxiliary cell. From the outer side of the supporting cell and the auxiliary cell 
branched cell-rows are produced which form a cortical layer over the procarp. 
The auxiliary cell having received a dipoid nucleus from the fertilized carpogonium 
produces on its inner face the first gonimoblast cell from which a number of 
carpospore-producing bushes are given off. Fusions take place between the auxiliary 
cell and the inner gonimoblast cells. The ripe cystocarp has no particular ostiole. 
The tetrasporangia are scattered over the surface of the outer segments of the 
frond. They arise by transformation of primary cortical cells and divide by trans- 
verse walls. 
Rhodophyllis bifida has only been met with in Skagerak and the northern 
and eastern Kattegat at considerable depths, 14—27 m, where the salinity is high 
and the temperature slightly varying. It grows on stony or gravelly bottom, often 
attached to Hydroids or Algæ (Halidrys). The largest specimens, up to 3 cm long, 
were found in August and September whereas the specimens gathered in May were 
only 3 mm high. Cystocarps and ripe tetrasporangia were met with in August and 
September. 
Localities. Sk: XO and YK N.W. of Hirtshals, 11—15 m. — Kn: Herthas Flak, 20—22.5 m 
(!, F. Borgs.); TO, Tonneberg Banke, 18 m. — Ke: Groves Flak, IT, EX, EV, 22.5—26.5 m, Groves Flak 
(F. Borgs.), 19 m. 
