a little lower than the surface of the frond. Kyrın thought that the hairs are 
rarely developed, albeit the hair-bearing cells frequently occur. I found numer- 
ous and very well developed hairs in July and August 
(fig. 606). 
The antheridia occur in particular individuals; they 
arise, as shown by THURET (1863, p. 134 and 1878, pl. 40, 
figs. 1—3) in globular erypts sunk whithin the surface of 
the frond, the antheridia-producing cells clothing the cavities, 
whereas in other species of the genus these cells form 
patches on the surface of the frond. The observations of 
THURET were confirmed by BurrHam (1893), and I have 
found the same in Danish specimens. 
The development of the carpogonial branch, the goni- 
moblast and the cystocarp has been exhaustively treated 
by SsöstEpr (1926, pp. 54—63), and his observations have 
been confirmed by Kyrın (1930, pp. 55—59) who has given 
Fig. 606. further drawings. According to these authors, the carpogonial 
Gracilaria confervoides. From branch is two-celled and developed from a primary cortical 
Hirtshals, August. Tip of frond à 0 
with numerous hairs. Photo. Cell. The supporting cell of the carpogonial branch becomes 
Wat. very rich in protoplasm and multinucleate, and the same 
is the case with the basal cells of the vegetative branches 
issuing from the supporting cell. A connection takes place between the carpogonium 
and a vegetative cell in its environs, but not with one predesigned in structure and 
nuclear conditions, and the diploid nucleus remains in the carpogonium. According 
to SJÖSTEDT, a true auxiliary cell cannot therefore be pointed out in the genus 
Gracilaria. Further cell-connections take place with the result that a large ramified 
fusion-cell is produced, of which the carpogonium 
constitutes an essential part (fig. 607). Shortly after 
the formation of the fusion-cell, gonimoblast-cells 
are cut off from several points of its surface. 
The gonimoblast consists in an advanced stage of 
an inner parenchymatous layer, forming a placenta 
surrounding the fusion cell and an outer layer 
consisting of radiating cell-rows the outer cells of 
which are transformed into carpospores (fig. 608). 
At the periphery of the cystocarp particular long, <aeitaria confervoides. Young eystocarp, 
radiating tubular cells are developed, springing from showing the fusion cell, the parenchy- 
the parenchymatous tissue and penetrating with their Nee ne 
apex into the pericarp which is separated from the 
gonimoblast by a split (fig. 608). As shown by SJösTEDT, they enter into connection 
with the cells of the pericarp and take up nutriment from them. The pericarp has 
