Lepidoptera of New York and Neighboring States 11 



this combination the name of the author who first described or figured 

 the species is often added. For a race, its name (with that of the 

 author if desired) is added after the species name; and for a seasonal 

 form, or named variety, or aberration, or Mendelian form, its name is 

 added, preferably prefixing the notation variety (abbreviated var. or v.), 

 aberration (at.), or form (/.), to distinguish it from a race. 



As an example, to give fully the name of the early spring form of 

 the Azure Blue we write Lyccena argiolus pseudargiolus f. lucia Kirby. 



There is often uncertainty as to whether a given form is a species 

 or a race. I have listed such forms according to what appears to me 

 their most probable status, sometimes noting the uncertainty. 



The following striking cases of variation are listed from the Lepi- 

 doptera of our fauna : 



Races (Local forms) : 



Argynnis aphrodite (Atlantic), alcestis (Mississippi Valley), and 

 cipris (Rocky Mts.). 



Basilarchia astyanax (Atlantic), arthemis (Northeastern), rubro- 

 fasciata (Northern Rockies), and arizonensis (Arizona). 



Cercyonis pegala (Gulf strip), alope (Eastern), nephele (Northeast- 

 ern), and olympus (Mississippi Valley). 



Lyccena argiolus (Europe), pseudargiolus (general eastward), nigra 

 (Appalachians), etc. 



Lyccena couperi (Northern), and lygdamas (Appalachians). 



Pholus satellitia (Antilles), and pandorus (Northeastern). 



Hemaris thy she (Northern), and floridensis (Southern). 



Zale lunifera (Atlantic), and lineosa (Mississippi Valley). 



Automeris io (Northern), and lilith (Florida). 



Eacles imperialis (Northern), and nobilis (Texas). 



Seasonal forms: 



Papilio marcellus (early spring), telamonides (late spring) and 

 lecontei (summer). 



Phyciodes tharos (summer), and marcia (spring). 



Polygonia comma (winter), and dryas (summer). 



Polygonia interrogationis (winter), and umbrosa (summer) : these 

 two imperfectly seasonal. 



Hemaris diffinis (summer), and tenuis (spring). 



Lyccena pseudargiolus lucia (partly local), marginata, violacea, pseud- 

 argiolus. 



Eutrapela kentaria (spring), and glaucaria (summer). 



Eutrapela alciphearia (spring), and ornata (summer). 



Peronea minuta (summer), and Cinderella (winter). 



