62 William T. M. Forbes 



Order LEPIDOPTERA 



Suborder JUGATE 



Body and wings covered with minute spinules or aculeas. ■ Head 

 (fig. 32), with ocelli, when developed, separated by a wide, unsealed 

 space from the eyes; ocelli in the Hepialidaa rudimentary (Sthenopis) 

 or absent. Antennas without sense-cones, with aculeas on their sur- 

 face ; in the North American species proportionately small and simple, 

 but pectinate in exotic species. Clypeus separated by well-marked 

 sutures from both front and labrum. Thorax loosely constructed, the 

 metathorax fully half as large as the mesothorax and similar in struc- 

 ture ; the halves of the metascutum usually meeting on the middle line. 

 Fore wing (figs. 31, 36, 40) with subcosta more or less distinctly 

 forked ; humeral vein present ; base of media preserved ; jugum present, 

 supported by the rudiments of a fourth and a fifth anal vein; with an 

 oblique vein from M to 2d A near base, which appears like a cross vein, 

 but whose upper half is in fact a portion of cubitus (fig. 41). Hind 

 wing with four or five branches of radius preserved, the venational 

 plan about as in the fore wing, but with the oblique vein in the base 

 of the anal region obscure. Jugum usually rudimentary or absent; 

 frenulum composed of a series of weak bristles or absent. 



Caterpillar with dorsal setas placed similarly on mesothorax and 

 metathorax, and on abdomen (figs. 39, 42). Eyes, when six, in an 

 irregular group, when single, on face. Pupa with four or more 

 movable segments, with mandible set off by a suture, or articulated. 



The three families seem relics of an earlier age, and are not closely 

 related. 



Family 1. MICROPTERYGIDiE 



(Eriocephalidae) 



Head broad (fig. 32) ; the ocelli widely separated by a bare space 

 from the small eyes; all sutures preserved; loosely hairy, with a naked 

 space above eyes. Antennas moniliform, with whorls of stiff bristles, 

 the scape and pedicel scaled. Mandibles large, functional; maxillae 

 with a large, folded, five-jointed palpus, without a tongue, but with 

 a small, stiff lacinia which serves in handling food, as well as the two- 

 jointed galea (fig. 33) ; labium with a well-developed basal segment, 

 supporting the two palpi; the mouth parts as a whole exactly as in 

 ordinary biting insects; middle tibia with a tuft of hair at tip, but 

 without spurs ; hind tibia with four spurs. Abdomen of female ending 

 in two retractile segments, without a trace of an ovipositor (fig. 34). 



Fore wing (fig. 31) bluntly lanceolate, R 5 running to costa. Sc 



