164 William T. M. Forbes 



Pupa incomplete, but specialized ; derived from an early or pre- 

 tineid type. Vertex very large, prothorax wide at sides, much narrowed 

 in middle ; front often with a serrate cocoon-cutter ; maxillary palpi 

 minute or absent ; labrum well marked ; antennas and tongue long, the 

 latter as long as the hind legs and extending free beyond the tip of the 

 wings. Abdominal segments with fine, diffuse spining dorsally, with- 

 out a specialized structure at anterior edge of middle segments dorsally, 

 fourth segment of abdomen fixed, but eighth movable in male. Hiber- 

 nation in imago or pupa, (in the latter case, with the imago well 

 advanced inside). 



The genus Phyllocnistis (fig. 112) might well be transferred to this 

 family, but is markedly aberrant, especially in having preserved the 

 legs of the sixth abdominal segment and in having lost the mouth 

 parts in the cylindrical larva. The pupa is distinctly Gracilariid, but 

 has abdominal segments 8, 9, and 10 much reduced, and peculiar dor- 

 sal structures on segments 3 to 7. The family as a whole is closely 

 cognate with the Lyonetiidse, indicating its Tineine derivation; but in 

 its porrect maxillary palpi it shows relationship to the Yponomeutoidea, 

 and it is superficially convergent with the Lavernidae. 



Key to the genera 



Moth 



1. Hind tibiae with a series. of bristles above. 



2. Bristles fully formed; maxillary palpi (in our species) distinct. 



3. Acrocercops. 

 2. Bristles imperfect, scale-like; maxillary palpi rudimentary .. 4. Apophthisis. 

 2. Bristles very strong, maxillary palpi rudimentary; antennae often with 



eye-cap (Lyonetiidae-Phyllocnistis) . 



1. Hind tibiae without series of bristles. 

 2. Vertex with rough bristly hair. 



.3. Fore wing with R, absent, first radial arising near tip of cell; maxillary 

 palpi obsolete (figs. 119, 120). 

 4. Fore wing with three veins running from cell to inner margin (fig. 119). 



8. Cremastobombycia. 

 4. Two veins running from cell to inner margin. M 3 absent (fig. 120). 



9. Lithocolletis. 

 3. Fore wing with Rj present, arising from middle of cell (fig. 116) ; maxil- 

 lary palpi conspicuous 1. Parornix. 



2. Head all smooth scaled (the scales somewhat erectile). 

 3. Fore wing with Rj. absent (fig. 117). 



4. Maxillary palpi moderate 6. Marma r a. 



4. Maxillary palpi rudimentary 5. Leucant hiza. 



3. Fore wing with R, preserved (fig. 115). 



4. Middle tibise thickened irregularly with rough scales 2. Gracilaria. 



4. Middle tibiae slightly thickened at tip, or smooth ; often with a little 

 hair. 

 5. Hind tibise smooth; fore wings with a definite pattern.. 7. Parectopa. 

 5. Hind tibiae rough a"bove ; fore wings without markings. 



4. Apophthisis. 



