398 William T. M. Forbes 



leaves the gall to pupate, and forms a cocoon between two fallen leaves. It cuts 

 a kidney-shaped piece nearly out of each leaf and sews them together at the 

 edges, but leaves the cocoon suspended by a few uncut veins. 



Generally distributed from Northern Vermont southward; replaced by a closely 

 related species in Mexico. New York: Peru, Lewiston. Baldwinsville, Rochester 

 Junction, Ithaca, Karner, Rhinebeck, and New Windsor. 



'2. E. islandana Kearfott. Pale dull brown, evenly and coarsely strigose with 

 fuscous gray and blackish; the inner edge black toward the base, and usually with 

 the somewbat darker base ending in a distinct black stria, at the middle of the 

 inner margin. Hind wing gray, paler at base. 15 mm. (Olethreutes Kearfott.) 



May. Types only seen; in poor condition. 



Plummer's Island. Maryland. 



The generic position of this form is not yet certain, as it lacks the secondary 

 sexual characters of Ecdytolcpha. It is certainly no Olethreutes. 



7. EPINOTIA Hiibner 



(With Zeiraphera; Enarmonia; Steganoptycha; Thiodia; Eucosma, in 



part) 



Fore wing with outer margin evenly excurved; more or less concave or notched, 

 apex blunt; costal fold sometimes present. All veins present, M 1 to CUj convergent 

 at margin in forms with a notch: R x from before middle, of cell; R 2 slightly 

 nearer R 3 than R^ arising from accessory cell. R- rarely short-stalked (fig. 254). 



Valve simple ; eucullus and anal indentation variable ; the latter not densely 

 spined. and usually narrow; sacculus with spines. Uncus strong and simple, or 

 bifid, or reduced and simple; socii large, chitinized when slender; typically tri- 

 angular and hairy. 



This genus would appear to contain the most primitive of this series of 

 Eucosmina?. It is heterogeneous, but all the characters seem to intergrade. The 

 species are not keyed separately, but are included in the keys to the genera 

 Thiodia, Charlotta. and Eucosma, which they resemble in venation. 



I. Outer margin evenly rounded out; the reins almost evenly spaced at outer 

 margin; cell CUj Isss than twice as icicle as the others. Costal fold absent. 



1 . E. nanana Treitschke. Dark smoky brown ; the head and thorax somewhat 

 lighter fuscous. Fore wing with double whitish striae, with paler fuscous areas 

 between them; the stria? sometimes so broad as almost to obliterate the pale 

 areas, and sometimes reduced to a narrow edging of single scales. Base per- 

 ceptibly darker, bounded by an excurved line. An oblique median fascia, of the 

 ground color, from middle of costa to inner margin, before anal angle; much less 

 oblique than in Z. pinicolana. Outer margin also solidlv of the ground color. 

 A continuous black line in fringe, sometimes cut with white at M^ Hind wing 

 nearly concolorous. 9 mm. ( domonana Kearfott; piceafoliana Kearfott). 



June. Larva webbing terminal needles of spruce. 

 Maine to Ohio. New York: Portageville. 



2. E. cruciana Linnaeus. B'ack-brown, more or less heavily overlaid with clay- 

 color or dull light ochre (in the Quebec specimen before me, mostly ochre). Two 

 parallel oblique light fasciae, rne from middle of costa to outer third of inner 

 margin, the other from outer fourth of ccsta to anal angle, both edged with heavy 

 but broken silver lines. Two silver dots at apex. Base of fringe mixed black, 

 brown, and white; outer part gray, white below apex. Hind wing mouse gray. 

 15 mm. (augustana Hiibner). 



July 6, 1916. 



Megantic, Quebec; Europe. 



The American form described above appears to differ a little from the European, 

 and is probably a valid race. 



