Lepidoptera of New York and Neighboring States 487 



the base of the fold, practically filling the space from Cu to A; the outer tufts 

 strong, well separated, and not very numerous; the one in cell Cilj typically much 

 out of line with the others, but variable. Fragariana Kearfott applies to speci- 

 mens with the tuft in cell C\l t practically in line. 15 mm. 



Larva on Prunus, rose, and strawberry; also reported from willow. 



New Hampshire to British Columbia. 



P. robinsoniana Kearfott appears from the tufting to be a variety of permutana. 

 The inner margin is contrasting light yellow, widening to half the width of the 

 wing at outer margin; the rest wood-brown, shading into black on basal half toward 

 apex. 



Specimens seen from New Hampshire, New Jersey, and Manitoba. 



P. clemensiana Kearfott is another probable variety; it is suffused with black- 

 ish except the large tuft on the disc and a patch at the anal angle, which are 

 ochreous. 



Hampton, new Hampshire. 



P. ilavivittana of Robinson, not Clemens, is another form of very different appear- 

 ance; red-brown frosted with gray and white; with the inner margin from base 

 to anal angle heavily dusted with white and marked by a fine white line. 



Several other unnamed forms occur. 



New Hampshire. 



22. P. pulverosana Walker. Violet -gray, with a good many small groups of black 

 scales, rather loosely and roughly scaled, but with small tufts. Tuft in Cu x hardly 

 out of line, but moth distinguished from maculidorsana by its even gray color, 

 with a contrasting yellow-brown spot in the end of the cell, defined inwardly by the 

 black tufts. (When yellow-brown is present in maculidorsana, it is more extensive 

 and diffuse.) 18 mm. (breicsleriana) . 



Massachusetts; Manitoba. 



P. hypericana Ely is closely similar. The base before the tufts is grayish white, 

 with a strong blackish patch on the base of the inner margin, covering the first 

 tuft. The oblique series of tufts is normally followed by a strong yellow shade. 



Larva on Hypericum. 



Connecticut. 



23. P. ferrugana Schiffermiiller. Brown, often shaded with pale dirty gray or 

 blackish; rarely, almost wholly of the pale gray, with scattered browner scales. 

 Costal triangle never complete, but often marked in blackish. Tufts normal, small 

 and clean-cut, usually of black and white scales ; that in cell CUj out of line. Dis- 

 tinguished from the hastiana series by its brown or brownish color, and lack of 

 contrasting gray or yellow marks* from the comandrana group, by its less clean- 

 cut costal triangle, and usually by its more decided yellow-brown tint. 15 mm. 



Larva on white birch. 



Semiannula Robinson is the extreme, light form; pale gray with only scattered 

 brown scales. P. gallicolana Clemens, I am unable to place, but from its food 

 habit it is more apt to be an earlier name for Jieindeliana Fernald than a synonym 

 of this species; the description also agrees. If so, the supposed type at Philadel- 

 phia is incorrectly labelled. 



Generally distributed. New York: Wilmington, Ithaca (United States National 

 Museum), Taughannock. 



III. Fore vying toith costa strongly concave, even in male, and roughly scaled 

 before and beyond the concavity in both sexes; apex strongly falcate. Tufts 

 as in the precedvng group. (Rhacodia). 



24. P. effractana Froelich. Gray, more or less shaded with reddish; sometimes 

 largely pale reddish. 18 mm. 



August. Larva green, with yellow-brown head; on poplar, willow, and birch. 

 Europe; Ottawa, Ontario; etc. 



