Lepidoptera of New York and Neighboring States 677 



front normally smooth, with a tuft of hair. Ocelli absent ; mouth parts 

 almost completely absent ; only the palpi developed, and never large ; cly- 

 peus sometimes inflated. Antennae bipectinate, both sets of pectinations 

 ventral ; shaft somewhat irregularly but densely scaled above ; pectina- 

 tions often scaled. Female antennas much narrower, but pectinate like 

 those of male. Body with deep hairy or mixed vestiture, usually stout 

 and woolly looking; abdomen large, often exceeding hind wings, and 

 roughly cylindrical. Legs short, the femora and tibiae densely hairy, 

 and tarsi somewhat hairy; spurs generally normal. Wings most often 

 broad, loosely and heavily scaled, with heavy veins. Fore wing with 

 R 2 and R 3 stalked beyond their separation from R 4 and R r , in the 

 North American species; given off successively from R 4+0 in Bombyx, 

 and united in the Eupterotinae. Accessory cell always absent, and 

 R 3 and R 4 never stalked the farthest ; M 2 often stalked with R- or 

 R 4+5 , M 2 variable in position; 1st A" lost, 3d A sometimes distinct and 

 running into 2d A (Apatelodes). Hind wing in primitive forms with 

 Sc and R closely parallel toward base, diverging before end of cell, 

 and connected to R by a very distinct R x , in Apatelodes (fig. 425) with 

 R x lost, and the veins very closely parallel, in the Lasiocampidae with 

 the veins tending to withdraw in the higher genera; R x as strong as 

 any vein, and far out toward end of cell; occasionally even short- 

 stalked with R s . Mo as in fore wing. 1st A lost, 3d A normal. 

 Wings folded triangular at rest, the costa of the hind wing uncovered 

 in the Lasiocampidae. 



Egg normally of flat type ; very thin and flat in Apatelodes ; laid 

 endwise in a cluster in Malacosoma. Larva with dense tufted and sec- 

 ondary hair (fig. 431), the tufts strong in stage 1 (fig. 430) where an 

 additional subdorsal tuft is often distinctly developed, and iv and v 

 form separate warts ; later with tufts reduced and difficult to recog- 

 nize ; hair rudimentary in Bombyx. Many Eupterotidae (including 

 A. angelica) and also some primitive Lasiocampidae, have scales as well 

 as hairs. Front small, head with dense secondary hair, even on some 

 or all of mouth parts. Prolegs normal, with a single band or biordinal 

 hooks ; often more or less spread out laterally. Skin thin and soft. 

 Warts i of eighth abdominal segment often fused in a tubercle or 

 caudal horn, very strong in Bombyx. Pupae obtect, of normal macro 

 type, varying in details in the families ; typically enclosed in a dense 

 silken cocoon. Cocoon cutter and fluid secretion normally as in Telea 

 and its kin (p. 671). 



