Browne — Ethnography of Liishboftn and Inishshark. 323 



larity of appearance produced by the constant intermarriage of the 

 same families through several generations. 



Limbs. — The hand is often short and broad, and the forearm and 

 upper arm long. In no case was the span of arms {grande envergue) 

 observed to be less than the stature, a peculiarity which was observable 

 in nearly a quarter of the persons measured in Aran last year. 



Head. — The head is, in many cases, of large size, and is usually 

 well-shaped, with an almost straight or but slightly projecting occiput. 

 It rises to a considerable height above the ears (yielding a mean height 

 index of 69'2), and has a mean cephalic index, when reduced to the 

 cranial standard by the subtraction of two units, of 78-4, or, in other 

 words, it is mesaticephalic ; about a quarter of the men measured, how- 

 ever, were brachycephalic, and an eighth slightly dolichocephalic. 

 The eleven crania of both sexes measured at TempuU Colman yielded 

 an average cephalic index of 77 -0, thus nearly agreeing with the 

 measurements on the living subject (see p. 333). The forehead is broad 

 and upright, but not very high. Superciliary ridges and glabella very 

 slightly marked, and eyebrows thick, level, and seldom showing much 

 tendency to arch. 



Face. — The face is long and scutiform, narrowing in rapidly in the 

 bigonial region. The cheek-bones are not prominent ; the horizontal 

 lines at the " root " of the nose are very deep, and have between them 

 a raised ridge or fold of skin. The eyes have irides of a blue or Kght 

 bluish-grey, seldom hazel, and are moderately wide apart ; being often 

 half-closed they give the impression of being small, and are marked 

 externally by deep horizontal wrinkles. The nose is in many cases 

 rather short, and in profile is usually straight or sinuous, rarely aqui- 

 line, and then not to a great degree. The mouth is large and fre- 

 quently open with lips of medium thickness. The teeth are remarkably 

 short, broad, and even, remaining white, and, apparently, sound to an 

 advanced period of life. The chin is long, but not projecting; the 

 mental process being small, and the jaw is very long with but little 

 curve. The ears are small, outstanding,^ and somewhat coarsely 

 moulded, and in nearly half the cases observed had the lobule adherent 

 or absent. Several abnormalities were observed, as presence of the 

 Darwinian tubercle, flattening of the upper part of the pinna, with 

 obliteration of the anti-helix, and in one case (No. 5 of those measured) 



1 This is protably due to the lateral bulging of the mastoid processes so 

 noticeable in the crania. 



