466 Pt'oceedings of the Royal Irish Acaedemy. 



3. After joaw, 'as soon as'; often = ' at whatever time,' of futurity: 

 pan. delych y'th wlat, 6, lo ; pan uo ef ar ganawl y digi'ifvwch, 13, 25 ; 

 pan el ef, 14, 6 ; pan uo yn rwymedic yn y got, 14, 9 ; pan glywhont 

 Uef dy gorn, 14, 10 ; pan agorer y creu beunyd, yd a allan, 78, 7 ; pan 

 vo kysgu yn treissaw arnat, 97, 21 ; auory pryt anferth, pan agerer y 

 porth, 103,24; pan ranntvyf \jn da y ospeit, 105, 19; pan y dech- 

 reuwyf 105, 20 ; pan dycho beich, 109, ig ; pan elwyf, 119, 18. 120, i ; 

 gajfwyf 12Q, lb] uo, 121, zz". 122,14. 168,4. 225,26. 253,17. 

 259, 15 ; uynner, 122, 15 ; dotter, 123, 12 ; geffych, 125, y ; hamhwyllont, 

 173, 15 ; alio, 221, 13 (where the meaning goes over into ' seeing that 

 he,' ' inasmuch as,' pa gyfryw v^r yw . . . pan alio Ueassu pawb nelly ; 

 delych, 223, 4 ; geissych, 224, x ; ganer, 248, i ; ellynger, 248, 2 ; 

 dechreuont, 248, 2. 



Pan is also preceded by other particles ; (a) or pann agoroeh y 

 drws hwnnw, 'from the moment that you open that door,' 40, 19 ; or 

 pan elych odyma, 255, z. 



(/?) Again, erbyn pan delwyf drachefyn, ' against the time when I 

 come back,' 'till my return,' 219,19. 



(y) Very common is the combination hyt pan, ' up to the time 

 when,' 'till,' of course only oi futurity : 



hynn hyt pan del, 37, 11 ; na mynnych wreic hyt pan welych 

 dryssien . . . ar vym bed i, 100, y; na chyiiado . . . hyt pan geffych 0., 

 102, 3 ; hyt pan gaffwyf 0., 102, 8 ; hyt pan vo parawt bwyt a llyn 

 idaw, 104, y ; dygyrch di gennym ni, hyt pan dywettych di nat ydiw 

 . . . , neu ninneu ae haffom, 113, 23, 24; nat ymchoelwn hyt pann 

 welhoni y uorwyn, 117, 9 ; ka nyt hoedel idaw namyn hyt pan elwyf 

 i gan wr, 118, 6 ; cf. welwijf, 118, 21 ; gaffwyf, 119, 24 ; uo yn lie teil 

 idaw, 120, 20 ; 121, 22, ' to sow the flax in the new land,' hyt pan uo 

 ef a uo pennlliein gwynn am penn uym merch, ' till it be it [that flax] 

 that shall be a white veil on my daughter's head' ; deler, 123, 13 ; 

 delwyf, 131, 8 ; gaffer, 137, 24. 



4. After tra, 'as long as,' 'whilst,' oi futurity: hediw apheunyd tra 

 harhao y wledhonn, 17, 10 ; tra harhawyf '\, mi a'th gynhalyaf, 24, ig ; 

 tra «/?«<'?// kynnal y men vy hun, 24, 20 ; tra vynno Duw itt uotuelly, 

 51, 23 ; tra ivelo Duw, 51, x; tra geissych hynny, 125, y; tra vych 

 vyw, 168, 12 ; tra gudyych ti euo, 173, 14; tra vwyf vyw, 'as long 

 as I live,' 192, 9 ; tra vych iach di, 207, x ; tra uych yn dywedut ym, 

 (pwy) wyt, 222, 18, where also the meaning shades off into a mere 



hypothetic 'as soon as,' 'if: 'thou shalt get mercy on telling me 

 who thou art,' [though the ' pious ' Peredur does not seem to have 

 had any difficulty in breaking his word, as related on the next page, 



