Atkinson — On the Subjunctive Mood in Welsh. 467 



223, 15!]. Cf. w^?// 253,13. 289,14; ^yc^, 277, 5 ; tra y'th 

 vynnwyf, 278, ig ; uom, 278, 21. 



It has sometimes hyt prefixed, marking the duration '■up to the 

 time when,' ' during all the period that,' ' as long as ever' : hyt tra vont 

 hwy yn y He kadarn hwnnw, ny daw &c., 97, 13 ; ydym wyr da, hyt 

 tra y'n dygyrcher 105, 4 ; hyt tra y'm gatter yn vyw, 119, z ; hyt tra 

 harhao gennyt ti dy dauawt, 213, 2. 



5. The use of hyt in the sense of ' as far as,' ' up to the extent that,' 

 is rarer, but demands of course the Subjunctive : pa arch bynnac a 

 a erchych di y-mi, hyt y gallivyf y gaffel itti y byd, ' thou shalt get 

 thy request granted, as far as lies in my power,' 13, i ; cf. 237, 13 • 

 273, 9, 14 ; taw, hyt y mynnych, '■be silent, as much as you please,' 

 13,8. 



In the older language, we may observe pretty nearly the same facts, as may be 

 seen from the following examples from BBC. : 



after ban^ [pan], ' when,' 'as soon as,' [oi futurity) : — 

 4, 14- ban hrivher, 'ba.n fohe}-, 'as soon as he is wounded, as soon as he flees'; 

 4, 17 ban brouher, ('when it is proved ') ; 11, 29 ban ganhont cogev ar blaen guit, 

 ' when cuckoos sing on top of trees '; 17, 13, 25 pan vo (26, 2 ; 27, 6, y ; 28, 15, &c.), 

 22, 24 pan diffon (26, 13) dros mor, 'when they come over sea' ; 22, y pan vont 

 ve corforinn, 'when they become corpses' ; 23, 5 ban diholer ('when it is re- 

 quired'); 23,10 pan bebiUo, 'when he encamps'; 23,14 ban sorro, 'when he 

 becomes enraged' (157, 9) ; 24, 17 ban llather, 'when they are slain' ; 24, x ban 

 eistetho (audiat) ; 2b, lb ban diffont (veniant) ; 26,7 gunelhont (faciant) ; 26,9 

 pan del (veniat) ; [but 43, 2 ban kynodaw]. 



after pir, ' when ' : — 

 8, 21 gvae vi, pir wuuf (vwyf) ar di kiuolv, ' woe is me when I am about to praise 

 thee ' ; 



after yny, ' till ' : — 

 14, 19 yny wuyv y Duw in din digerit, ' till I become to God a blameless man ' ; 

 20, 24, z yny del K. ' till K. come .' 



after t7-a, ' whilst ' : — 

 41, y tra vo?ti, ' so long as we are.' 



But at times also, the exigencies of the metre seem to have overpowered the 

 grammar, for the construction on 43, 2 ban kyuodaw [cyfodaf], ' when I arise,' 

 disobeys the rule which prescribes the subjunctive after ban : cf. Hi, 2-j pan 

 vydaf ; 114, 26 pan wyf die. 



{B) In accessory clauses of Causality, (including causal, conditional, 

 concessive, consecutive, and final clauses,) it is to be observed that 

 alike in causal and in conditional clauses, the Welshman dislikes the 

 subjunctive mood. 



1 Not to be confounded with ban = unde, especially where it is repeated idio- 

 matically in answer to a question with the verb ' to come,' cf. 54, 9, 10; 66, z, pan 

 doit, ' whence comest thou,' ban deuaw, 'I come from &c.' 



