Knowles — On Prehistoric Remains. 653^^ 



various sites I have described in previous reports. The heaps, which 

 at first sight appeared as if formed entirely of shells, were in reality 

 composed of a mixture of sand and shells, and had a likeness to 

 similar mounds I have found occupying the centre of the large pits at 

 Portstewart. The old surface contained many round and broken 

 stones, some of which may have been pot-boilers. Several of the 

 rounded stones were well abraided at the ends, showing that they 

 had been employed as hammerstones. 



MtTLEANEY. 



On the shore opposite Mulraney Eailway Station there is a con- 

 siderable stretch of sandy beach ; and on the inland side, where there 

 is a good depth of sand, covered by a close green sward, I found 

 several gaps and pits where the wind had removed the sandy 

 covering, laying bare hearth- sites and the blackish old surface, with 

 shells, bones, and portions of crystalline rocks, the latter of which 

 were, without doubt, intentionally broken, in order to obtain sharp 

 pieces for implements. Some of the specimens which I brought 

 away had the character of scrapers and choppers. 



Gal WAT. 



I observed in the Geological Magazine for 1868 a Paper, by 

 H. Leonard, in which he says that there is, in the half-tide island of 

 Omey, a kitchen-midden containing a layer 3 feet thick, composed of 

 shells, calcined boulders, charcoal, and bones. He also quotes fi'om 

 the writings of his colleague, Mr. G. H. Kinahan, m.k.i.a., in which 

 he says that there are many shell-heaps or kitchen-middens near the 

 shore of Gal way Bay, some of which may be ancient, while others 

 are undoubtedly modem ; and he referred to one large accumulation 

 on a headland called Creggans, 210 ft. long, 70 ft. wide, and 8 ft. deep. 

 Dr. Buckland and he had a trench cut across it, but except two 

 flakes of hard limestone, which were among the shells on the shore, 

 they did not find any implements. 



I went to Galway in 1894, and extended my examination of the 

 bay as far as the coast of Clare. I did not find any sandhills such as 

 I was in search of, and though I made general inquiry among the 

 fishermen, no one knew Omey Island. I found, however, on Pabbit 

 Island remains of a kitchen-midden, but now greatly denuded. 

 What remains is about 30 feet in length, 3 to 4 feet in width, and 



