673 



717 



585 



750 South America 



751 South Asia 



752 South Atlantic ocean 



753 South Pacific ocean 



Spatial orientation (See: Angular acceleration detection, 



Fish guidance, Galvanotaxis, Gravity detection, and 



under Home range and homing) 

 Spawning (See: Reproduction, especially Mating and Egg 



laying) 

 Spawning channels (See also: Artificial breeding 



environments) 

 Spawning season (See: Reproductive season) 

 Speciation (See also: Hybridogenesis, and under 



Evolutionary processes and variation) 

 Species (See: Definition of species taxon, Lectotype, 



Neotype, New species, Redescription) 

 Species recognition (See also: Interspecific 



communication, Intraspecific communication. 



Recognition of individual fish, Recognition of young, 

 681 Sex recognition) 



Specificity (See: Protein specificity) 

 562 Sperm (See also: Fertilization) 

 562 Sperm age and survival 



556 Sperm duct (See also: Cloaca) 

 Sperm motility 



Sperm preservation (See: Milt storage) 

 553 Spermatogenesis (See also: Germ cell origin) 



557 Spermatophore 

 Spermozeugma 



Spinal cord (See also: Neurosecretion in spinal cord, and 

 under Behavior, Behavior in experiments, Nervous 

 490 system, and Sense organs) 



Spinal cord injury (See also under Nervous system 

 695 interference) 

 490 Spinal nerves 



Spinal tracts 



Spines (See also: Defensive spines, Locking devices and 

 holdfasts, Rays and spines, and under External 

 445 skeleton) 

 519 Spiracles 

 537 Spiral valve 

 524 Spleen 



732 Spoilage problems (See also under Fish and medicine) 

 618 Sporozoa 



Sport fishing (See: Angling and under Fishing and 

 fisheries) 



Springs (See also: Thermal springs) 



Squamation (See: Scalation) 



Squirrelfish (See: Holocentridae) 



Stagnant waters (See also: Astatic waters, Swamps and 

 marshes) 



Staining (See also: Cytological preparation, Histological 

 preparation) 

 714 Standing crop 

 578 Starvation 



Statistics and statistical analysis (See: Allometry, 

 Computer analysis, Fish cultural statistics, Fishery 

 statistics, Mathematical growth analysis, Meristic 

 morphometric techniques, Outdoor census and 

 sampling) 



Sterility (See also: Hybrid sterility) 

 457 Steroid metabolism 



Stickleback (See: Gasterosteidae) 

 740 Still photography 

 697 Stimulus generalization 



Stingray (See: Dasyatidae) 

 535 Stomach (See also: Absence of stomach, Self inflation) 



Stomach muscles 

 678 Straining for food 



Stratigraphic distribution (See also under various 

 582 geological periods and epochs) 



Stream capture (See also: Expansion of range by natural 

 655 means) 

 716 Stream improvement (See also: Habitat preservation) 



Stream surveys (See: Lake and stream surveys) 



Streamlining (See: Hydrodynamics) 



593 



740 



699 Stress reactions 

 464 Structural colors 



Structure (See the Anatomy, Histology, Cytology, and 

 Ultrastructure of various structures, organs, and 

 systems) 

 444 Structure and function 



Sturgeon (See: Acipenseromorpha) 



Subcommissural organ (See: Reissner fiber SCO complex) 



591 Sublittoral zone 

 443 Subspecies 



614 Substratum 



593 Subterranean waters 



592 Subzero waters 



Sucker (See: Catostomidae) 



Suckers (See also: Locking devices and holdfasts, Pelvic 

 446 fins) 



Sunfish, freshwater (See: Centrarchidae) 

 550 Superfetation 



Supralittoral zone 



490 Supramedullary neurones 

 590 Surf 



Surface volume relationship (See also: Hydrostatics, 

 460 Larval hydrostatic mechanisms) 

 Surfperch (See: Embiotocidae) 

 Surgical techniques (See also: Embryo surgery, Tissue 



742 transplantation) 

 Surmullet (See: Mullidae) 



Survival in captivity (See also: Artificial propagation and 

 740 planting, Fish cultural methodology) 



593 Swamps and marshes (See also: Stagnant waters) 

 Swim bladder (See: Gas bladder) 



Swimming (See also: Larval locomotor organs and under 

 675 Orientation and locomotion) 



743 Swimming chambers 



675 Swimming endurance (See also: Exercise) 



675 Swimming speed 



279 Swordfish (See: Xiphiidae) 



Symbiosis (See: Cleaning symbiosis, and under Fish-to- 

 fish relationships, as well as various animal groups) 

 482 Synapses 

 557 Synchronous hermaphroditism 



Synonymy (See under various species, genera, and other 

 systematic groups) 

 441 Systematics and nomenclature 



491 Tactile sensitivity organs 



Tagging (See: Marking and tagging, Sonic tagging) 

 Tainted tasting flesh (See also: Pollutant content, Spoilage 

 733 problems) 



Tarpon (See: Megalopidae) 

 495 Taste buds 



Tasting (See: Pheromones and under Chemical senses) 



Teaching with and about fish (See: Use in classroom) 



Techniques for studying fish (See also: Fishing gear 



selectivity, Immunization techniques, Immunological 



analysis, Lake and stream surveys, Mathematical 



growth analysis, Sound analysis, Use in classroom, and 



733 under Behavior in experiments) 



Teeth (See: Gill arch teeth, Oral teeth, Pharyngeal teeth, 

 Mouth, Rostral teeth, Sexually dimorphic teeth, Tooth 

 replacement) 

 460 Tegumentary system (See also: Skin) 

 485 Telencephalon 



Television (See: Recording cameras and TV) 

 Temperature (See also: Environmental control devices, 

 Heat pollution, Selfregulation of water temperature, 

 595 Subzero waters, Thermal sensitivity, Thermal springs) 

 701 Teratoma 



676 Terrestrial locomotion 



Territoriality (See also: Home range and homing, and 

 682 under Self protection) 



Test animal (See: Use as test animal) 

 555 Testicular cycles (See also: Reproductive season) 



Testicular germinal tissue 

 552 Testis 



734 Text book 



South America 



851 



