684 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 



8. F(?ius {Abies) Fraseri, Pursh, Fl. Bor. Amer. 2, p. 639 ; Parla- 



tore, D. C. Prod., xvi., pars 2, p. 419, No. 90. 



Shoots hairy, the surface broken and uneven from the presence of 

 resin-canals. Leaves inserted singly all round the stem, bent at base 

 so as to be irregularly two-rowed, a few of the leaves directed up- 

 wards. Leaf linear, bent at the base or straight, short, leathery, apex 

 obtuse or emarginate, upper surface deep green with several rows of 

 stomata in the central furrow, beneath with a band of stomata on 

 each side of the midrib, there being from 8 to 9 rows of stomata in 

 each band. Leaves about ^ inch in length, and about -jV inch wide. 

 Buds large, covered with yellowish-brown resinous scales. 



Transverse section of leaf. — Leaf flattened, three times broader than 

 thick, sides rounded, upper surface with a well-marked central groove, 

 below with a distinct but not very prominent midrib. Hypoderma 

 moderately developed, irregularly scattered below superior epidermis 

 and forming a very much interrupted layer, the layer continuous at 

 the rounded margins, one, rarely two, cells thick ; a layer of hypoderm 

 below at the midrib forming a single layer of cells with a few scattered 

 here and there forming a double row. The resin-canals are placed in 

 the parenchyma of the leaf, and separated from the inferior epidermis 

 by many layers of chlorophyll-bearing cells. The pallisade parenchyma 

 is developed at each side of the groove above, but is defective where 

 the stomata are present. 



Pibro-vascular bundle double, surrounded by a well-marked sheath. 



The figure (Plate 47, fig. 10) is drawn from a specimen supplied 

 to me by Mr. Powler, gardener, Castle Kennedy, !N. B. 



I have examined four specimens of this species, only one of which 

 is from a cultivated specimen. There is a cone 2^ inches long by 

 1 broad, in the Museum, Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, ripened 

 at Castle Kennedy, but it has no leaves. The other three specimens I 

 have examined are from Kew Herbarium. The first is from the summit 

 of the Hoosack Mountains, Massachusetts — Pinus Fraseri, Pursh. The 

 second is marked "P. balsamea. Canada, P. Praseri;" the third, 

 '' Pinus americanus, Newfoundland. Herb. Forsyth." About the two 

 last I am rather doubtful, as I find it very difiicult to separate Fraseri 

 and balsamea by anatomical characters only. 



9. Pinus (Abies) balsamea, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1421 ; Parlatore, D. C. 



Prod. vol. xvi. pars 2, p. 423, No. 95. 



Shoots hairy, the surface broken and uneven from the presence of 

 resin- canals. Leaves inserted singly all round the stem, but bent so 

 as to form two lateral rows, a few being directed upwards. Leaf 

 linear, twisted at the base, which is narrowed towards the orbicular 

 insertion, apex emarginate, upper surface dark green, with two or more 

 rows of stomata in the middle line near the apex, beneath with a band 

 of stomata on each side of the midrib, there being about ten rows of. 

 stomata ia each band. Leaves from -^- to f inch long, and about 



