M'Nab — A Revision of the Species of Abies. 687 



Shoots hairy or smooth. Leaves inserted singly all round the 

 stem, but bent so as to form two lateral rows. Leaf linear, twisted 

 above the base, which is slightly narrowed towards the orbicular inser- 

 tion, width tolerably uniform, or slightly greater towards the apex, 

 which is rounded and emarginate, upper surface green, occasionally 

 with a few stomata in a patch near the apex, but generally without 

 stomata, beneath with a band of stomata on each side of the promi- 

 nent midrib, there being from 10 to 11 rows of stomata in each 

 band. Leaf from -J- to 1;^ inch in length, and about iV inch wide. 

 Euds? 



Transverse section of leaf. — Leaf flattened, three times as broad as 

 thick, sides rounded, upper surface convex, with a well-marked 

 central furrow, below with a prominent midrib. Hypoderma well 

 developed, forming a continuous layer extending all round the leaf, 

 except where the two bands of stomata occur on the lower surface on 

 each side of the midrib. The resin-canals are placed, one at each side 

 of the leaf, in the parenchyma of the leaf, and separated from the 

 lower epidermis by many chlorophyll-bearing cells. The pallisade 

 parenchyma is well developed on the upper side, and below is the 

 parenchyma with well-marked intercellular spaces communicating 

 with the stomata. 



Fibro-vascular bundle double, the two parts placed rather close 

 together, and having a number of very thick liber-like cells below. 

 The whole is surrounded by a well-marked sheath. 



The figure (Plate 47, fig. 14) is drawn from a specimen from Kew 

 Herbarium, and is not yet in cultivation as far as I can learn. 



I have only seen three specimens of this species, all of which are 

 in the Kew Herbarium, and I am indebted to Dr. Hooker and Prof. 

 Oliver for leave to examine them. The first is marked "812. Abies 

 firma, S. & Z. Nagasaki, Japan, 1862. Oldham." The second, from 

 which the figure is drawn, has the label, "Ex herb. Hort. Bot. Petropol. 

 Maximiowicz, iter secundum. Abies firma, S. & Z. Japonia, Mppon, 

 1864." The third specimen is that with the label, " Ex herb. Hort. Bot. 

 Petropol. Maximiowicz, iter secundum. Abies brachyphylla, Maxim. 

 Japonia, Yokohama, 1862." 



Yery much confusion exists regarding this and the next species 

 (P. bifida). All the examples cultivated under the name of firma 

 that I have yet seen are bifida. As the specimen marked "brachy- 

 phylla" in Kew Herbarium is authentic, it will be seen that the 

 species described by Maximiowicz, and adopted by Parlatore, must 

 sink as a synonym of firma, Sieb. and Zucc, if the plant here noticed be 

 Siebold and Zuccarini's species. Bertrand correctly gives the charac- 

 ters of Abies firma as here defined. Mr. Andrew Murray (Conifers of 

 Japan, p. 53) mixes up firma and bifida ; but his figures 98 and 99 

 would certainly apply very well to firma, and fig. 108 to bifida. 



Koch (Dendrologie, vol. 2, pt. 2, page 227) adopts Mr. Murray's 

 view of the identity of firma and bifida, but adopts the name of 

 Abies Momi, Sieb., for the united forms. As the species are markedly 

 distinct, anatomically, I have no hesitation in separating them ; and 



K. I. A. PROC, SER. 11., VOL. II., SCIENCE. 3 S 



