104 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 



and general, and was broadly coincident with the Middle Glacial times, 

 or whether it was relatively insignificant, repeated, and local, is yet 

 a matter of dispute." 



(p. 125.) — Boyd Dawkins says : " In all probability the geogra- 

 phical conditions of Britain and Ireland at the time of the Biver 

 Drift (Pleistocene) Hunters, were identical with thase of the Late 

 Pleistocene (fig. 32, p. 150), when our country formed part of the 

 Continent. 



(p. 148.) — " The remains of the late Pleistocene animals lie 

 scattered over a large area in Britain, and it is necessary to conclude^ 

 from their presence, that our country formed part of the mainland of 

 Europe at that time." 



(p. 150.) — " The GeogTaphy of Great Britain (and Ireland) in the 

 late Pleistocene Age is indicated by the map (fig. 32, p. 150)"; and 

 he says : — 



(p. 151.) — " It may be concluded that Britain (and Ireland) stood 

 at least 600 feet above its present level, and so that the Severn E. 

 united its waters with the rivers of the south of Ireland." 



(p. 152.) — He then defines the Range of the late Pleistocene 

 Mammals over Britain and Ireland: — " In Ireland the Mammoth has 

 been found in the Counties of Cavan, Galway, Antrim, and Waterf ord, 

 and in the Shandon cave near Dungarvan, in the last of these counties 

 along with the grizzly bear, wolf, fox, horse, stag, and alpine hare. 

 This irregularity in the distribution of the animal remains is intimately 

 connected with the geographical and climatal changes which were 

 going on in the obscui'e and complicated portion of the late Pleistocene 

 Age, known as the Glacial Epoch, and it is highly probable that all the 

 Irish Mammalia mentioned above are pre-Glacial." 



(p. 153.) — "We must further realise that all the climatal and geogra- 

 phical changes known as Glacial, happened while the Late Pleistocene 

 Mammalia were living in the regions not covered by glaciers, or 

 overwhelmed by the sea, and that they wandered to and fro, as the 

 barriers to their migration were altered." 



(p. 169.)— He says : " The Palaeolithic Hunter of Mid and Late 

 Pleistocene Eiver deposits in Europe belongs to a fauna which 

 arrived in Britain before the lowering of the temperatiu'e produced 

 glaciers and icebergs in our country. He may therefore be viewed 

 as being prolally pre- Glacial. When the temperature was lowest, he 

 probably retreated southwards, and returned northwards as it grew 

 warmer, precisely in the same manner as the Mammalia on which he 

 depended for food." 



