O'Eeilly — On the Waste of the Coant of Ireland^ 8fc. 105 



(p. 171.) — " It may therefore be concluded, he says, that man was 

 probably pre-Glacial and Glacial in Europe, but was certainly post- 

 Glacial in the area of the Xorth Thames." 



It may be worth while to cite here the views put forward by 

 Lapworth, in the work already cited on the Glacial Period. 



(p. 352.) — " Diu'ing the last half century, abundant evidences have 

 been obtained of the existence of man as far back as the final stages 

 of the Glacial period ; and the glacial and post-Glacial formations 

 have consequently been separated off from the Tertiary, and erected 

 into a distinct series by themselves, which has been termed the 

 Quaternary, while the period of Geological time which they represent, 

 has been denominated AntJxropozoicr 



(p. 378.) — "The recent deposits were formerly referred to as the 

 Stiman, as it was supposed that they alone afforded evidence of the 

 existence of man, but the discoveries of late years, have made it clear 

 that man existed in Pleistocene times, at any rate, in the later stage 

 of the epoch, if not thi'oughout the whole." 



As bearing on this question, it may be of use to cite here the 

 opinions of the eminent French geologist, de Lapparent, as stated in 

 the last edition of his " Traite de Geologie," vol iii., 1900, in his 

 critical review of the general characteristics of the Tertiary Era. 



(p. 1632.) — He considers the question of the JEstallishnent and 

 Vicissitudes of the great Glaciers, and says: — "It would seem that 

 independently of a first or primary Pliocene phase, there were, as well 

 in America as in Eiu'ope, two other great Pleistocene phases of 

 extension of the glaciers. These phases were separated by intervals 

 of time, during which the climate was at least as favour-able as at 

 present, and the surface of the land became clear of ice, even into the 

 very hearts of the mountain valleys. The greatest extension took 

 place anteriorly to the development of the Palasolithic civilization 

 which made its appearance during inter-Glacial Periods, when the 

 Elephas friraigenius commenced to associate with the Elephas antiquus. 



"The first mentioned species, accompanied by a fauna, on the 

 whole of a colder climate than the previous one alone, was in existence 

 during the succeeding extension to which followed, even if it did 

 not accompany in part, the deposit of the great Loes. At that time a 

 period of dry cold supervened to interrupt the active flow of the 

 rivers. ITan then took refuge in the caves and under rock-shelters, 

 whilst in the meantime became developed in oiu' part of Eiu'opc, first 

 the E(iuidce and then the Reindeer, an animal known to dread fogs 

 whilst supporting easily dry cold. 



