198 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 



extremity of the Old Head of Kinsale, which, rises to 139 feet above 

 the sea, is begun to be cut off from the land by a subterranean sea 

 passage, through which the light can be seen from each of the two 

 indentations of the land, which are hence called ' Holeopen Bays.' 



" Galley Head is in like manner nearly cut off from the mainland, 

 and formed into an island ; and this is, doubtless, one of the ways in 

 which the rocky islets with vertical cliffs, like those of the neigh- 

 bouring coasts, have been formed. 



"The Sovereign Islands, off the mouth of Oyster Haven, afford 

 examples of these, of one of which the following figure is a sketch 

 taken by Mr. DuNoyer during a gale of wind. (Fig. 1)." 



(p. 27). — " On the western side of C our tmac sherry Bay, as on so 

 many parts of the south coast of Ireland, a submerged bog is found at 

 dead low water of spring tides, and is then cut for turf by the neighbour- 

 ing farmers. How much further it may extend below the sea is, of 

 course, not known. There is a large bog at the back of Dunworley 

 Bay, the surface of which is but little above the level of high water 

 mark, respecting svhich Mr. J. Good, of Dublin, informs me that a 

 rod was put down for a depth of more than 50 feet without reaching 

 the bottom. These, and other similar facts to be found round all the 

 coasts of Ireland, seem to point to a recent depression of the whole 

 island." 



Memoir Geological Survey of Ireland (Sheets 187, 195,196), (1864). 

 The district described includes the mouth of the Kiver Lee, Cork 

 Harbour and the surrounding district. 



(p. 5). — "The two principal longitudinal valleys maybe called 

 here, the valley of Cork and the valley of Cloyne. The latter runs 

 across the district of Ballycotton Bay, to Ballinhassig, and beyond that 

 to Bandon and Dunmanway. The principal part of Cork Harbour 

 lies in it." 



George Smith, " History of County Cork," vol. ii., p. 11 : — 

 " In the latter end of March 830, Hugh Demdighe being monarch 

 of Ireland in this year, there happened such terrible shocks of thunder 

 and lightning that about 1000 persons were destroyed by it between 

 Corca-Bascoin and the sea-side. At the same time the sea broke 

 through its banks in a violent manner, and overflowed a considerable 

 tract of land. The island on the west coast of this country called 

 Innisfadda (= 'Long Island') was forced asunder and divided into three 



