200 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 



probable from tbeir being thick, short, and ponderous ; and not to an 

 elephant or land animal, as was conjectured by those who discovered 

 them. About eighteen years ago (1750- 18 = 1732), this strand was 

 entirely divested of all its sand and gravel, and being left quite bare 

 by violent high winds, great quantities of roots of various trees then 

 lay exposed to view. The sea has greatly encroached on this part of 

 the coast, and is likely to gain more ground, as the land within the 

 strand lies low and flat. At the entrance of the harbour of Toughal 

 may be seen the remains of the foundation of a mill standing on a 

 rock, which shows that the ocean has greatly exceeded its limits on 

 this shore." 



(p. 343.) — " About a mile east of Doneraile is Castle Saffron, so 

 called from the large quantities of it formerly planted here, being 

 greatly used by the Irish for dyeing their shirts, &c." 



Memoir, Geological Survey of Ireland (Sheets 167, 168, 178, and 

 179) (1865), The surface described includes a portion of the County 

 Wexford, ending in Hook promontory. 



(p. 8.) — " The entire coast westward from Credan Head (202 feet), 

 past Brownstown Head (158), is quite precipitous, and it presents the 

 same aspect for the distance of fifteen miles westerly, from ISTewtown 

 Head (110 feet) to Ballyvoyle Head, where it is 243 feet in elevation. 

 Helvick Head, at the south side of Dungarvan Bay, is 255 feet above 

 the sea, and its shores are also abrupt. Broken ground running 

 easterly from Dunbrody (in the County Wexford) attains a height of 

 257 feet; further south, the country, though rarely level, attains here 

 and there to elevations of 250 feet, and on the east coast of Waterford 

 estuary to the south of Duncannon, the cliffs reach a height of 128 

 feet, and at Broomhill Bay 208 feet above the sea. On the east coast 

 of Hook promontory at Houseland the cliffs are, some of them, over 

 140 feet in height, but to the south of this the promontory becomes 

 lower, with an average height of about 40 feet reaching to 60 feet at 

 the cUffs between the village of Slade and the extremity of Hook 

 Head." 



Memoir, Geological Survey of Ireland (Sheets 148 and 149), (1887). 

 The greater portion of the district described is situated in the County 

 Wexford. (No available details given.) 



