SciiARFF — 8ome Remarks on the Atlantis Problem. 297" 



"Western Europe and Venezuela ; the burrowing Amphisbaenida), 

 ■whose range is restricted to America, Africa, and the Mediten-anean 

 Region ; and many others alluded to in the preceding pages. 



From the facts quoted, I conclude that Madeira and the Azores, up 

 to Miocene times, were connected with Portugal; and that from 

 Marocco to the Canary Islands, and from them to South America, 

 stretched a vast land which extended southward certainly as far as 

 St. Helena. This great Continent may have existed already in 

 Secondary times, as Dr. Ihering suggested ; and it probably began to 

 subside in early Tertiary times. But I think its northern portions 

 persisted until the Miocene Epoch, when the southern and northern 

 Atlantic became joined, and the Azores and Madeira became isolated 

 from Europe. 



This, however, does not explain the whole history of the Atlantic 

 Islands. To account for the extraordinary predominance of the 

 Mediterranean element in their fauna, they must have again united 

 with the Old World in more recent times. This took place, no doubt, 

 in precisely a similar manner as before ; and I believe they were 

 still connected, in early Pleistocene times, with the continents of 

 Europe and Africa, at a time when man had already made his appear- 

 ance in western Europe, and was able to reach the islands by land . 



APPENDIX. 



List of Wokks and Papers kefeeeed to in the peeceding Pages. 



Beddaed, F. E. : 



A text-book of Zoogeography. London, 1895. 

 Blanfoed, W. T. : 



Addi'ess delivered at the anniversary meeting of the Geological 

 Society. London, 1890. 



Champion, C. : 



List of the Cicindelidae, &c., of Gibraltar. Trans. Entomol. See. 

 London, 1898-99. 



Cheist, H. : 



Vegetation und Flora d. canarischen Inseln. Englcr's botanische 

 Jahrbiicher. Vol. 6. 1885. 



2B2 



